The treatment of relocation is always questionable not only because of the theoretical background and methods used but also because it is a force majeure intervention. Considered inappropriate by heritage professionals since the primary task of monument conservation is in situ prevention, there is a need for a better understanding of what relocation means, when it is allowed, how it should be done, and the criteria to determine how and which monuments qualify to be preserved. This paper reviews the aspects of material and structural authenticity when relocating Arslanagić Bridge, the connection with the historical context, and existing charters and terminology. In addition, it aims to contribute to a broader theoretical understanding of relocation. Two types of damage are inflicted on the monument during the relocation; one is that the monument is extracted from the environment in which it originated, and the historical continuity is broken, and the other is from the method of relocation. In the case of the bridge, maintaining a physical appearance becomes more important than material authenticity. During reassembly, the internal cohesiveness was violently disturbed, damaging the integrity of the infill at the structural level by introducing concrete. At the new location, it is articulating as a new element, a new historical layer in a new environmental context.

Covid-19 pandemic has affected the field of education, and transition to the distance learning has led to changes in the learning environment and pedagogical transformations. In this process, design studios, which are the basis of architectural education, were also maintained on online platforms. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the rapid learning environment change in the architectural design studio due to the Covid-19 pandemic on student behaviour. Examining students’ holistic perspectives and behaviours based on their experience in face-to-face design studios and online design studios, this research attempts to reveal the potential and challenges of face-to-face and online studios. In this study, students’ behavioural changes regarding face-to-face studio and online studio were measured using the survey method, and these two learning environments were interpreted over six themes (peer learning, socially mediated learning, self-efficacy, self-regulation, motivation, and communication with the instructor) by using the survey results, the course structure and the theoretical framework. The findings reveal that change in the learning environment affects student behaviour and that face-to-face design studios and online design studios have different potentials and limitations. In addition, the course structure of the face-to-face studio and online studio, the tools and methods used in learning, the way of communication and collaboration vary depending on the structure of the learning environment. This study reveals that the face-to-face design studio is a learning environment where the social structure of the studio is developed, peer learning is supported, and methods such as physical model and hand-sketching are used as well as digital tools during communication with the instructor. It shows that the most important potentials of the online studio are that it offers a flexible learning environment, does not have time and place restrictions, allows for cross-cultural and inter-institutional collaboration, and supports self-study. As a result, the research shows that online studio experiences gained during the pandemic period can offer the opportunity to create blended learning environments by adding online features to the traditional face-to-face studio.

In design education, especially in the first-year design studio, different approaches ranging from artistic to analytical and abstract to concrete have been used. This paper attempts to study one of those approaches namely “Exquisite Corpse (EC)”, which is an art-stemmed approach, employed in the architecture’s first-year design studio. In addition, decision-tree (DT) approach was used, which like EC, requires dialogue among students and helps foster problem-solving abilities by giving more structure to the educational medium as well. This paper uses quantitative methods to analyse the design process in the search for distinct methodologies in design research. The main purpose of this article is hence to evaluate the use of EC and DT in basic design education and to provide empirical implications for the development of the basic design teaching methodology. Descriptive statistics and a Pearson’s chi-square test of independence were performed to examine the relationship between students’ use of the exquisite corpse approach and their grades. The paper highlights the need for distinct methods for the scientific analysis of design research. The analysis used in this paper provides scholarly information to other design educators in higher education. The initial aim is to incorporate EC and DT in the final project were to help novice designers in guiding their design processes better. The research model of this study can help exemplify analytic research for design-related disciplines for future research studies.

Elderly individuals may experience hearing difficulties for various reasons. The most common of these is age-related hearing loss called presbycusis. Due to these changes in auditory sensitivity, it is difficult to hear and understand speech at certain frequencies. Due to the acoustic design based on the auditory sensitivity of the younger ear, elderly listeners may have hearing difficulties, especially in conference rooms without a sound system. The objective of this research is to provide acoustic comfort conditions in conference halls that can be suitable for all listeners. In this context, new optimum reverberation times were determined for three different age groups to eliminate the negative effects of auditory sensitivity distinctions on speech intelligibility. The obtained results were compared to the reference values determined for the objective room acoustics parameters in various standards (ISO, DIN, JIS, etc.) for young and elderly listeners. A 3000 m3 (volume) conference hall was chosen as an example to support the research with a listening test and a survey. Following the completion of the listening test studies for a receiver point located approximately in the center of the hall, the data were analyzed in a statistical program. Based on these evaluations, it seems evident that the subjective and objective data overlap and that the intelligibility values can be improved by applying the new reverberation times determined by the study’s method to the halls. It is thought that the research will make significant contributions to the improvement of acoustic comfort in conference rooms.

Participation in urban planning is important to increase accountability, transparency, and legitimacy of decisions. In this context, it is essential to establish the needs and priorities of stakeholders potentially affected by decisions. However, poor participation practices undermine the public’s trust in decision-making processes and reduce the public’s willingness to participate. The study aims to contribute to urban planning theory by discussing what participatory planning means. Furthermore, a systematic, objective-led, and negotiation-based decision support framework is proposed, based on a 2D/3D visualization and analytic hierarchy process for use in participatory urban planning. The framework aims to increase the legitimacy of decisions taken without ignoring the political dimension of planning. It was tested in a regeneration case study in Liverpool (UK). Testing shows that the framework enables technical issues to be addressed in a way that the public can understand. In the process, a systematic evaluation of participants’ priorities is possible and negotiated participation is supported. The framework could support transferring stakeholders’ priorities into plan decisions with online meetings and surveys, for example, when the possibility of physical meetings is restricted.

Developing technology and changing lifestyles also change the expectations of the citizens from the quality of urban life (QOUL). However, today, the automobile-oriented transportation system causes a decrease in the QOUL, especially in crowded cities, due to some reasons such as traffic congestion, high individual vehicle ownership, lack of parking lots, number of accidents, loss of time in traffic, and air and noise pollution. Transportation is one of the indicators that directly and indirectly affect the QOUL. Transportation, which is sensitive to technology, can also directly affect urban space and affect mobility and accessibility in the city. In this context, new technologies such as autonomous vehicles (AV) can lead to significant changes in urban space, human behavior, and QOUL. Once these vehicles are launched, they can affect our lives in many ways: transportation, environment, urbanization, social, economic, and legal. This makes AVs a part of the social debate. Although there are many studies in the literature examining how AVs will affect the fields of transportation, environment, economy, and law, there are very limited studies on how AVs will affect the QOUL. Based on a literature review of the relationship between AVs and QOUL, this study aims to predict how AVs will affect QOUL. According to the findings, it has been observed that AVs will positively affect the QOUL life when they are operated with car sharing/ride-sharing, using electricity, and when they are integrated with public transportation. However, AVs can lead to congested and polluted complex urban centers, suburbanization, extrainfrastructure investment, and cyber threats. According to the study findings, the effects of these vehicles on the QOUL vary depending on the policies applied, the social acceptability of the vehicles, the preparation of the infrastructure, and the market share. With the right policies, know-how, and appropriate infrastructure, AVs can be an opportunity to improve the causes that reduce the QOUL in today’s cities.

Protecting and transferring the historical, cultural, and natural environment to future generations are recognised as one of the primary responsibilities of humanity. The immediate result of such a responsibility is to replace individual efforts and initiatives with joint ownership of the heritage and gradually with systems and policies with national and international dimensions and common language and concepts. The policies countries pursue in this direction are one of the critical factors determining the level of development in conservation policies. On the other hand, cultural and natural assets and historical environments are considered as a record that sheds light on the urban and architectural design, construction techniques, and social life of a certain period, and thus, in a sense, they undertake an instructive task. Therefore, today it is aimed to protect the underground, aboveground or underwater values, called “cultural heritage”, as a component of local and universal culture and a record of civilisation with the help of the laws, international agreements, conventions, and regulations. However, behaviours and policies that are no based on scientific data and are not objective and universal cause destruction because they fail to exhibit a comprehensive approach that can integrate cultural heritage into social, economic, social, and cultural life. They also create interruptions and result in indefinite periods in the maintenance of urban identity and urban culture. The research area of this article is in the Historical Peninsula of Istanbul, where all the changes in the conservation policies of Turkey can be observed. This study examined the different conservation statuses attributed to the area over time and the spatial outcomes of these statuses. As a result, this study aims to discuss, despite all the laws, international agreements, and conflicts of status, and why we have not achieved the desired success in the conservation of urban archaeological conservation sites.

Authenticity, real or not, existing or not, constitutes an important element of strength for the urban environment. The perceived authentic identity of the place is transformed into economies of experience associated with consumer culture. Sometimes this can be in the form of transforming and protecting a historical building or neighborhood, sometimes supporting the development of cafes and shops, branding cultural identity, and sometimes presenting the place with new media channels. This problem plane, which constitutes the beginning of the study, aims to reveal the impact assessment process of an environment that is stuck between the existing place authenticity and the elements that are newly attributed to the place and that shape the authenticity in perceptions.
Authenticity was first revealed in heritage conservation studies and was included in social science studies over time. Today, the concept is introduced into a new production and consumption process within the scope of urban area activities. While the authentic is sometimes defined as the memory that needs to be preserved with deeply emotional expressions, it is sometimes associated with a vulnerable imposition for consumption. In this cycle, the existing authenticity of the place cannot be revealed, and a new perceptual authenticity production is started. This study dealt with the spatial memory of Beyoğlu and aimed to reveal the perceived and existing level of authenticity.
The method step of the study was carried out in two stages as collecting data related to the problem and analyzing the data. Data were collected by snowball sampling method and document analysis technique. In the analysis step of the data, deductive content analysis was taken as reference. Category matrices were extracted, contexts and codes were revealed. The category matrix step, through Bennett's (2018) titles of screen, literary text, culture-art and project productions; context step, through Somers' (1994) public, ontological and meta narrative titles; the code step was created by the author through the concepts explained in theory and revealing the problem of the study. Codes; Goffman's (1959) onstage/backstage self discourse, MacCannell's (1976) false pattern discourse, Trancik's (1986) lost space discourse, Auge's (1995) non-places discourse, Boym's (2001) ) nostalgia discourse has been deepened by making use of Zukin's (2010) narratives such as cultural identity branding discourse. While the process carried out through document analysis and snowball sampling enables accurate determination of what, why, why, how and where to search and a reliable evaluation, categorizing the sources and coding their contents will reveal the changes and duality seen in the "existing and perceived authenticity" perspective.
While losing the monumentality of Beyoğlu's memory spaces that go beyond being a residence, the opera and dances introduced by the west, its stories, patisseries and people, an image object is produced over the nonexistent. The universal elite growth rhetoric, based on the economic power of the capital and the state, and the cultural power of the media and consumer tastes, has also surrounded Beyoğlu. This situation is expressed by Guy Debord as contemporary capitalist modes of production produce a huge spectacle for societies.
It has been an important finding for Beyoğlu that the perceptual authenticity discourses, which symbolize the return to the past, also construct a new place memory culture and are shaped around the consumption potential. In summary, this study is important for an exploration to be made in a cultural space saturated with the spirit of self and place, to see where the cognitive dimension takes the subject in narratives and to embody what the space has lost in the social dimension with visual images. It can be said that the right solution can be found if the root experiences about Beyoğlu can be revealed.
Encountering the types of signs and narratives that will reveal these two meanings in Beyoğlu is also an expression of the fact that the work is in the right qualitative production process. Based on the analyzes of the discourses and visual data collected throughout the study, the question of whether it is possible to prevent the falseness produced by this shift and updated experience environment of Beyoğlu becomes very important. The study raises awareness by raising this question and provides this through a method trial.

Management of traditional construction contracts that is frequently preferred in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industries are affected by many factors due to the complexity and large number of contract documents. With the introduction of Web 3.0 technology, blockchain is considered as a suitable solution for solving many problems arising from traditional contracts and can be considered as an alternative method to traditional contracts in the AEC industry. Using cryptocurrencies, switching to blockchain-based contracts, and using smart contracts will be advantageous for AEC industry in many ways. However, in addition to these advantages, the existence of risk factors cannot be denied. With this background, this study aims to identify risk factors affecting blockchain-based smart contract use in AEC industry through a comprehensive literature review and to prioritize the identified risk factors using Analytic Hierarchy Process, respectively. The prominent risks were found to include implementation risks, followed by legal risks and contractual risks. The contributions of the study to the academic literature are the identification of the risks that may occur during the integration of blockchain-based contracts into the AEC industry and the diagnosis of any problems that may occur during the integration process. Professionals in the field of construction management can also benefit greatly from the findings of this study by analyzing those risks throughout their projects.

Variations are inevitable in construction projects. Therefore, owners try to predict potential variations in the project preparation phase and try to adopt the most appropriate project strategies and contract provisions that can help to mitigate variation-related risks. In general, turnkey lump sum contracts are preferred when undertaking large or medium-sized oil and gas projects. These contracts cover the Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) phases of the project. Once the conceptualisation is completed and the basic engineering design package has been prepared, owners may prefer to award the EPC/Turnkey contract directly (i), or have a front-end engineering design (FEED) study done first, and award the EPC/Turnkey contract afterward (ii), or set up a convertible contract and convert it to EPC/Turnkey after an open book cost estimate (OBCE) process (iii). In this study, after a general overview of the variation concept, the common tendering methods used in EPC/Turnkey oil and gas projects are reviewed. In order to analyse the effects of the tender methods on potential variations, four EPC Lump Sum Turnkey (LSTK) projects which were awarded using different tendering methods, namely single-stage tender (direct EPC) and two-stage tender (OBCE+EPC), are compared. Finally, the frequency and content of the variations are studied according to their tendering methods. The primary findings reveal that the variation ratio experienced in the two-stage tender case is comparatively less than the variation ratio in single-stage tender cases.