Comparison of variations in EPC/turnkey oil and gas projects depending on tender methods

Volume: 19 Issue: 1
Year: 2024

Current Issue Published Issues Most Accessed Articles Ahead of Print

Index and Coverage

Avery Index

DOAJ

EBSCO

Erih Plus

ESCI � Clarivate

GALE Cengage

Genamics

ProQuest

TR Dizin

TUBITAK Ulakbim

Ulrichs Web

Comparison of variations in EPC/turnkey oil and gas projects depending on tender methods [Megaron]

Megaron. 2023; 18(2): 263-273 | DOI: 10.14744/megaron.2023.45077

Comparison of variations in EPC/turnkey oil and gas projects depending on tender methods

R�veyda K�m�rl�¹, Ak�n Er²
¹Department of Architecture, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Türkiye
²Tupras General Management, �stanbul, Türkiye

Variations are inevitable in construction projects. Therefore, owners try to predict potential variations in the project preparation phase and try to adopt the most appropriate project strategies and contract provisions that can help to mitigate variation-related risks. In general, turnkey lump sum contracts are preferred when undertaking large or medium-sized oil and gas projects. These contracts cover the Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) phases of the project. Once the conceptualisation is completed and the basic engineering design package has been prepared, owners may prefer to award the EPC/Turnkey contract directly (i), or have a front-end engineering design (FEED) study done first, and award the EPC/Turnkey contract afterward (ii), or set up a convertible contract and convert it to EPC/Turnkey after an open book cost estimate (OBCE) process (iii). In this study, after a general overview of the variation concept, the common tendering methods used in EPC/Turnkey oil and gas projects are reviewed. In order to analyse the effects of the tender methods on potential variations, four EPC Lump Sum Turnkey (LSTK) projects which were awarded using different tendering methods, namely single-stage tender (direct EPC) and two-stage tender (OBCE+EPC), are compared. Finally, the frequency and content of the variations are studied according to their tendering methods. The primary findings reveal that the variation ratio experienced in the two-stage tender case is comparatively less than the variation ratio in single-stage tender cases.

Keywords: Change management, variations; claims and disputes; EPC/Turnkey contract; OBCE (open book cost estimate); oil and gas projects.

EPC/Anahtar Teslim Rafineri Projelerinde �hale Y�ntemine G�re �� De�i�ikliklerinin Kar��la�t�r�lmas�

R�veyda K�m�rl�¹, Ak�n Er²
¹Kocaeli �niversitesi, Mimarl�k Fak�ltesi, �stanbul
²Tupra� Genel M�d�rl��

�� de�i�iklikleri projelerin ka��n�lmaz bir ger�e�idir. Bu sebeple proje sahipleri projenin haz�rl�k d�neminde muhtemel i� de�i�ikliklerini �ng�rmeye ve bu kaynakl� riskleri en aza indirebilmek i�in hem proje stratejilerini hem de s�zle�me h�k�mlerini en uygun �eklide belirlemeye �al��rlar. Bu yakla��mla b�y�k veya orta �l�ekli rafineri projelerinde genellikle M�hendislik, Sat�nalma ve Yap�m (EPC) fazlar�n�n t�m�n� kapsayan anahtar teslimi g�t�r� s�zle�meler tercih edilmektedir. Kavramsal tasar�m bitirilip temel m�hendislik tasar�m paketi haz�rland�ktan sonra, proje sahipleri do�rudan EPC/Anahtar Teslimi s�zle�me yapmay� tercih edebilirler (i), veya �nce bir �n m�hendislik tasar�m (FEED) �al��mas� yapt�r�p sonras�nda EPC/Anahtar Teslimi s�zle�meyi tercih edebilirler (ii), ya da d�n��t�r�lebilir bir s�zle�me kurup, a��k hesap maliyet tahmini (OBCE) s�recinden sonra s�zle�meyi EPC/Anahtar Teslimine d�n��t�rebilirler (iii). Bu �al��mada, i� de�i�ikli�i kavram�n�n genel bir de�erlendirmesinin ard�ndan, EPC/Anahtar Teslimi rafineri projelerinde yayg�n olarak izlenen ihale y�ntemleri g�zden ge�irilmi�tir. �hale y�nteminin i� de�i�ikli�i talepleri �zerindeki etkilerini analiz etmek i�in, tek a�amal� ihale (do�rudan EPC) ve iki a�amal� ihale (OBCE+EPC) olmak �zere farkl� y�ntemlerle ihale edilen d�rt EPC Anahtar Teslimi G�t�r� (LSTK) proje kar��la�t�r�lm��t�r. Son olarak i� de�i�ikliklerinin s�kl�� ve i�erikleri ihale y�ntemlerine g�re incelenmi�tir. Birincil bulgular iki a�amal� ihale durumunda kar��la��lan i� de�i�ikliklerinin oran�n�n tek a�amal� duruma g�re nispeten daha az oldu�una i�aret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: De�i�iklik y�netimi, Talepler ve Anla�mazl�klar, EPC/Anahtar Teslimi s�zle�me, OBCE (a��k hesap maliyet tahmini), Rafineri projeleri

R�veyda K�m�rl�, Ak�n Er. Comparison of variations in EPC/turnkey oil and gas projects depending on tender methods. Megaron. 2023; 18(2): 263-273

Corresponding Author: Ak�n Er, T�rkiye

TOOLS

Full Text PDF

Download citation

RIS

EndNote

BibTex

Medlars

Procite

Reference Manager

Share with email

Send email to author

Similar articles

PubMed

Google Scholar