Throughout history, civilizations have improved water supply and management systems depending on new needs and innovations. Anatolia, home to many civilizations, showcases the development of water systems from the Neolithic period to the present. Beypazarı, located in Central Anatolia, demonstrates an advanced Ottoman-era water supply system with 19th and 20th-century water structures, such as fountains and riverbeds, despite many drying up today. However, infrastructure works have disrupted connections between water sources, fountains, and agricultural lands. Fountains have lost their function due to river drying, global warming, and man-made interventions. This study aims to understand Beypazarı's historical water supply system between the 19th and 20th centuries and the effect of interventions on increasing floods. Visible components, including natural water sources and fountains, were analyzed through site surveys, literature data, and unstructured interviews with locals. Lost components were examined using locals' narratives, old cadastral maps, and aerial photos. The whole system was determined by overlapping data and land slope using GIS. Results show that Beypazarı's historic water supply system during the Ottoman period was tailored to the purpose of water usage. Specific stream branches and springs provided drinking water, transported to fountain reservoirs via a closed pipe system for hygiene. All stream branches were distributed to agricultural lands through open runnels using gravity. The abandonment of this system has caused stream beds to exceed their capacity in winter, leading to floods.

Large-scale projects are among the characteristics of the current globalisation pattern. This phenomenological urban space changer (the large-scale project) has samples mostly in and around the megacities and urban regions, yet not limited to those areas. Besides the conventional aspects of large-scale projects which are mainly high cost, complexity, multi-actor collaboration, long duration, and great impact, some other identifiers are also apparent such as having high risks and specific types of uncertainties. The process should be analysed detailed and systematically to control the problems caused by uncertainties. An analytical perspective is required as it is very difficult to comprehend the nature of large-scale projects with conventional tools. In the study, the conceptual framework of uncertainties, which was adapted to large-scale projects by Hall (1981), was used to examine the selected case study. In mid-size cities, reveals some other projects, which do not totally meet the definitive criteria of large-scale projects but resemble the content and impact of such projects to a certain level. In the study, it is argued that such projects can and must be evaluated in terms of large-scale projects, even if they do not have an impact on a national or international scale. From this perspective, the Kaşüstü junction project in Trabzon city, which is an implemented sample of such relatively large-scale projects, was examined. By using archival research and in-depth interview methods, the process of the “Kaşüstü Junction” project was analysed. The characteristics of the junction project and the uncertainties that it contains show that a mid-sized city can also be exposed to the impact of large-scale projects.

This article identifies the manufacturing industry clusters in Türkiye and contributes to the literature by identifying clusters at the district level. The literature background of this study is based on the concept of cluster and cluster identification. The study uses the sales and purchases between manufacturing industries via the input-output tables of 24 manufacturing industries and the number of employment and workplaces in each industry at the district level for 2019 as data. The methodology consists of three steps: the study first identifies the purchase and sales relations between industries, then groups related industries using principal component factor analysis, and lastly determines the spatial concentration of industries using the location quotient. The study’s findings show manufacturing industries to be grouped into six cluster templates. The districts where industries are clustered are mostly located in the western Türkiye. The textile industry differs because it is clustered in southeast Türkiye. The geographical distributions of the furniture industry clusters and non-metallic industry clusters also differ due to having different location criteria. The packaged food industry is clustered in more districts compared to all other industries except the non-metallic industry, and the districts are located in highly populated provinces. These results place a comprehensive framework across the country and can enable policymakers to direct cluster policies.

Children’s physical and mental activities cause them to show differences in their perception and evaluation of spaces. Correctly designed spaces specifically for the child support the physical and psychological development of the child positively. In addition, children who can establish strong relationships with historical places develop a sense of attachment and belonging to the place, which is also important in the transfer of such places to the coming generations. Capuchin Catholic Church (Giresun Central Children’s Library) has an important place in the memory of the city and is the sole example in the region. It is used by children. The present study discusses how children perceive the church. The study aims, on the one hand, to reveal how the church is perceived by children, and, on the other, to examine how the child’s perception of space and expression styles change depending on age. To this end, children were made to draw visual representations and these images were converted into numerical data. These data are discussed in terms of the preoperational period and the concrete operational period which takes into account the developmental stages of the child. The study employed observation and mapping methods. It was concluded that the child’s perception of space changes depending on age, experience and frequency of use of the space, and historical buildings are important stimuli for the child’s perception of space.

According to his studies on the production of space, Lefebvre mentions that each production method produces a new type of space, and this production rises on three constituent feet. Different indicators in the perceived, conceived and living dimensions of the space are essential to understand the truth of the space and determining its potential and handicaps. Also, spaces with different histories have different production histories in line with their living dynamics. Considering that each space has its own production history, the necessity of evaluating the production in the mining city with underground and ground distinguishes these settlements from the others. Production targets shape the required workforce, the workforce shapes the infrastructure and superstructure demands, and the infrastructure and superstructure demands shape the morphological structure. This study aims to reveal the relationship between space and meta production in the coal production city Zonguldak. Based on space production and related theories, the space production periods and space triad of Zonguldak have been determined. As Lefebvre mentioned, the deepening contradictions of abstract space have revealed the contradictory space period. The contradictions that exist in Zonguldak are based on the tense relationship between underground hard coal production techniques and space production shaped by changing policies on the ground. Therefore, from the past to the present the contradictions and tense relationship between meta and space production in Zonguldak have been explained through specific examples of the city. In conclusion, the change of meta and space production, which continues at different scales on the ground and underground, is explained through specific variables and conceptual and physical tensions that occur on the surface of the city are defined.

Over the last decades, computational methods have provided significant potential for integrated façade systems with energy efficiency, the generation of numerous alternatives, the optimisation of complex requirements, and the inspiration of creativity in architecture. In this sense, the study addresses two primary issues. First, conventional methods are inadequate in a holistic perspective of the multiple objectives of façade systems. Second, poorly designed or transformed media façades are a common problem in many developing countries. This study developed a design strategy for an Integrated Façade System (IFS) that consists of (i) simulation, (ii) analysis, and (iii) optimisation stages in a feedback loop. This design strategy was implemented to integrate the façade in terms of multiple data based on functions. The methodology is organised into two main sections based on the urban scale fieldwork and test of the suggested strategy through the case study. The fieldwork has been done to determine the case study building in Istanbul. Two additional façade functions, media display, and solar shading are chosen here to investigate the constraints, correlations, and consistency of multifunctional integration in a façade system. The finding showed that the developed IFS can contribute to the use of factual data as a design input. Another result showed that this IFS decreased solar radiation by 51% during the summer period. This algorithmic system has flexibility and affordance that refers to enhancing building performance within different contexts.

Significant developments are observed in the design of composite building materials nowadays, especially on environmental and sustainability issues. For structural usage, nowadays researchers reveal lime, which is the traditional binding material known since ancient times. Lime known for its sustainable feature is often used with supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) such as metakaolin, fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, and silica fume due to unfavourable properties regarding durability, strength, and slow hydration rate. On the other hand, cellulosic fibres with the advantages such as low density, high tensile strength, and moderate elastic modulus have cost competitiveness and eco-efficiency for fibre-reinforced composites. The structural use of cellulosic fibres may be possible if the degradation of hemp fibres in an alkali environment is mitigated. In this study, the experimental studies on hemp fibres were carried out by comparing with two types of macro synthetic fibres in a lime+metakaolin (L+MK)-based matrix. Durability as well as compressive and flexural characteristics were addressed in those fibrous matrices. First time in the current literature, macro synthetic fibres were included in the lime-based mixture. Besides, as a new contribution, coarse lightweight aggregates (LWA) were incorporated into this type of matrix with those fibres. The experimental findings indicate that the degradation of hemp fibres can be mitigated successfully, and three types of fibrous mixtures provide proper mechanical characteristics in their categories.

Basic design is a totally critical and authentic course for all disciplines related to designing. When designing is considered as a process of problem solving, the main purpose of the course can be regarded as conveying the conceptual, abstract thinking approaches to students. The type of education students received earlier as well as students’ habits, mental memory and visual perception are all effective in the process of solving design problem. This study discussed design process managed with both intuitive and intellectual approach while solving design problem. The study was conducted as a two-stage experimental research to analyze the methods students use while solving design problems. First, a questionnaire was administered to students to gain information about their learning styles. Secondly, studio exercises were performed within the Basic Design course. The following was the question of this study: “What sort of problem-solving attitude did people display and what were these people’s learning styles? Consequently, what sort of results were achieved?” At the end of the studio exercises, a second questionnaire form was administered to determine students’ approaches to design problems and the methods they used in the solving process. The second questionnaire was administered to students who were divided into two groups according to the learning style they preferred based on result of the first questionnaire. According to results; the hypothesis developed in the context of the interaction between process and method of solving the design problem and learning style and prior education was confirmed with the relevant data.

Remote learning applications have crucial importance in preventing education processes from being interrupted under extreme conditions such as a pandemic. Numerous studies on the field are being performed, as it is thought that remote learning will become even more critical in time. Notably, the variety of built environments in different regional, social, cultural, and technological aspects encourages researchers to investigate such differences and student performance and satisfaction relating to their conditions. Focusing on design students, who may have more distinct requirements since the nature of the education program they are subject to, this article aims to present the comfort conditions of students, as well as the relationship of such conditions with the level of student satisfaction with remote learning. The method of this study includes a comprehensive survey, which has been delivered to architecture and interior architecture students via online channels, questioning their spatial, visual, auditory, and thermal comfort. The multiple regression analysis, which has been used in connecting comfort conditions and satisfaction, has resulted that the built environment has a slight yet significant effect on satisfaction level (R=0.374). This result is substantial considering the variety and complexity of factors affecting satisfaction with remote learning. Findings of this study include that visual comfort conditions are the most influential on student satisfaction, indicating the inference that improvements relating to these conditions will be quite effective. The results of this study provide a perspective for improving remote learning processes and adapting living environments to remote learning, based on different student groups.