Investigation of old water supply system in the historic town of Beypazar�

Esra Eken G�ney¹, Neriman �ahin G��han²
¹Department of Architecture, �zmir Katip �elebi University, �zmir, Türkiye
²Department of Architecture, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Türkiye

Throughout history, civilizations have improved water supply and management systems depending on new needs and innovations. Anatolia, home to many civilizations, showcases the development of water systems from the Neolithic period to the present. Beypazar�, located in Central Anatolia, demonstrates an advanced Ottoman-era water supply system with 19th and 20th-century water structures, such as fountains and riverbeds, despite many drying up today. However, infrastructure works have disrupted connections between water sources, fountains, and agricultural lands. Fountains have lost their function due to river drying, global warming, and man-made interventions. This study aims to understand Beypazar�'s historical water supply system between the 19th and 20th centuries and the effect of interventions on increasing floods. Visible components, including natural water sources and fountains, were analyzed through site surveys, literature data, and unstructured interviews with locals. Lost components were examined using locals' narratives, old cadastral maps, and aerial photos. The whole system was determined by overlapping data and land slope using GIS. Results show that Beypazar�'s historic water supply system during the Ottoman period was tailored to the purpose of water usage. Specific stream branches and springs provided drinking water, transported to fountain reservoirs via a closed pipe system for hygiene. All stream branches were distributed to agricultural lands through open runnels using gravity. The abandonment of this system has caused stream beds to exceed their capacity in winter, leading to floods.

Keywords: Beypazar�, historical water structures; urbanization; water supply system; water network

Tarihi Beypazar� Yerle�iminde Eski Su Sisteminin �ncelenmesi

Esra Eken G�ney¹, Neriman �ahin G��han²
¹�zmir Katip �elebi �niversitesi, M�hendislik ve Mimarl�k Fak�ltesi, Mimarl�k B�l�m�, �zmir
²Orta Do�u Teknik �niversitesi, Mimarl�k Fak�ltesi, Mimarl�k B�l�m�, Ankara

Tarih boyunca her uygarl�k, bir �nceki k�lt�rden miras kalan su sistemini g�ncel gereksinim ve teknolojideki yeniliklere ba�l� olarak geli�tirmi�tir. Bir�ok uygarl��a ev sahipli�i yapan Anadolu�da, Neolitik d�nemden g�n�m�ze yerle�imlerde kullan�lan su sisteminin geli�imi okunmaktad�r. �� Anadolu B�lgesi�nde yer alan Beypazar�, g�n�m�zde bir k�sm� kurumu� olan �ok say�da nehir yata�� ve �zellikle 19. ve 20. y�zy�la tarihlenen �e�meleri ile Osmanl� d�neminde geli�mi� bir su sisteminin varl��n� d��nd�rmektedir. �e�meler bug�n hala varl��n� s�rd�rse de son y�llarda yap�lan alt yap� �al��malar�yla �zg�n su kaynaklar�, �e�meler ve tar�m arazileri aras�nda fiziksel ba�lant�y� sa�layan sistem elemanlar� yok olmu�tur. Ayr�ca k�resel �s�nman�n da etkisiyle �evredeki akarsular�n kurumas� ve tarihi su sistemi elemanlar�na y�nelik m�dahaleler nedeniyle �e�meler i�levini yitirmi�tir. Yaz aylar�nda s�cakl�klar�n �ok y�kselmesiyle b�lgede kurakl�k g�r�l�rken, k�� aylar�nda mevsim normalleri �zerinde seyreden ya��larla dereler ta�t�� i�in, yerle�im sellere maruz kalmaktad�r. Bu �er�evede bu �al��ma, Beypazar�'n�n 19. ve 20. y�zy�llar boyunca varl��n� s�rd�ren ve kaybolmu� elemanlar� �zerinden tarihi su sistemi ile bu sistemine y�nelik m�dahaleler nedeniyle yerle�imin maruz kald�� ta�k�nlar� anlamay� ama�lamaktad�r. Bu ba�lamda, �ncelikle, Beypazar�'ndaki do�al su kaynaklar� ve �e�meler de dahil olmak �zere tarihi su sisteminin varl��n� s�rd�ren elemanlar� saha ara�t�rmas�, literat�r verileri ve yerel halkla g�r��meler yoluyla tespit edilmi�tir. Daha sonra, yerel halk�n anlat�lar�, yerle�ime ait eski kadastral haritalar ve yerle�imin �e�itli y�llara ait hava foto�raflar� yard�m�yla sistemin g�n�m�zde kaybolmu� olan di�er bile�enleri analiz edilmi�tir. Son olarak CBS arac�l��yla t�m veriler ve yerle�imdeki arazi e�imi �rt��t�r�lerek t�m elemanlar� i�eren �zg�n sistem a��a ��kar�lm��t�r. �al��man�n sonu�lar�, Osmanl� d�neminde Beypazar�'ndaki tarihi su sisteminin, suyun kullan�m amac�na g�re nas�l �ekillendi�ini g�stermektedir. ��me suyu i�in belli bir akarsu kolu ve p�narlar temel kaynaklar iken, hijyen sa�lamak i�in i�me suyu k�nklerle �e�melerin depolar�na iletilmi�tir. Tar�m arazilerinde ise akarsu kollar�ndan suyun cazibeyle ak��n� y�nlendirmek i�in sokak �eperlerine eklenen �st� a��k ark a�lar�yla suyun da��t�m� sa�lanm��t�r. Ancak bu sistem g�n�m�zde tamamen terk edildi�inden dere yataklar� k��n kapasitelerini a�arak b�lgede sellere neden olmaktad�r.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Beypazar�, su sistemi, tarihi su yap�lar�, su �ebekesi, kentle�me

Esra Eken G�ney, Neriman �ahin G��han. Investigation of old water supply system in the historic town of Beypazar�. Megaron. 2023; 18(1): 1-14

Corresponding Author: Esra Eken G�ney, T�rkiye

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