This paper aims to trace the salient attributes of the selected slum neighbourhoods in Istanbul via political mural themes reflecting socio-political (i.e. particularly left wing) identitPhotographing and face-to-face interviews are used as a method held in 6 neighbourhoods due to their central location in Istanbul, which had a dissenting discourse and exhibited this prominence as visible in public spaces through writings and acts. The research was carried out during the architectural idea project carried out during 2015-2016, with open-ended interviews with 27 people who have had the opportunity to record their interviews within the scope of many home visits. Along this path, the issue is tackled on two parallel tracks. Firstly, the urban role of the murals is scrutinized by looking into the relationship between the content of the murals and their location in the urban realm. Secondly, murals are analysed in regard to the concept of consistency of political expression through different media. The practical usage and the view of urban open spaces as a process and product of architecture will be examined together with the cultural symbols drawn on the walls through textual and visual language. The rituals of the left wing political resistance and the ideas of the local communities against the government’s attitude towards the neighbourhood are materialized on the murals. This research intends to highlight the connections between the language on the walls and the identity of the residents of slums through an overlay of the language on the wall onto the language created by the use of open urban spaces.

Most of the Turkey is located in the earthquake affected region in the World due the its position. According to AFAD referenses, 42% of Turkey’s land is on the first-degree earthquake zone. In that region, Northwest Anatolia and the North Aegean Sea are among the most important active seismic and deformation zones which are located between the Eurasian and African tectonic regions. According to Kandilli Observatory data, a moderate-intensity earthquake (Mw=5.3) occurred on 06 February 2017, at Gülpınar-Ayvacık (Çanakkale) center, at 06: 51 local time. The depth of focus of the earthquake is about 6 km and it is a shallow-focused earthquake. In this study, the situation of the rural traditional masonry structures which are affected by the earthquake mentioned in the region, was examined and analyzes on the causes and results of damage were developed. Researches show that, Yukarıköy is the village where mostly affected from different size earthquakes in the following days. The traditional masonry stone structures in this region also reflect the characteristic form of the zone, architectural features and construction technique. The purpose of the study is to establish the cause and effect relations of the damage by determining the damage of the structures which have been significantly affected from the earthquake in Yukarıköy. AFAD and the relevant official institutions criteria were used to determine the damage level of the buildings. The results show the cause of the damage and the magnitude of the risk that it creates on the structures.

The concepts such as culture, technology, design, or human capital, the tangible benefits of which are vague, are mostly effective in setting the
financial value of a company, a work of art, a software, or any product. This situation triggered both sectoral and academic studies intended
for analyzing and measuring this vagueness. The subject of what the “good design” is, which is an important input affecting the value of the
physical environment in the cities, and the problematic of its measurability started to occupy the architectural research agenda. The prevalent
view that the more intangible benefits are detected and disclosed the more “good” designs the cities will have has prompted the people who
conduct research in this field to develop very comprehensive models. However, these studies that started in the ‘90s unfortunately failed to have
the expected impact on creation and development of more livable cities. In this context, to get a better insight of how the financial sector reads
these benefits, the subject has been opened up for discussion within the framework of the “power theory of value”, by searching for traces of the
differential capitalization and strategic sabotage concepts in the physical space, which are in favor of the rootless transnational capitalist class
that is at the center of this theory and the modern-day secular temples owned by the 1% of the architectural patronage who finance the highest
budget projects in cities and its spatial dimension have been seen through this lens. As an outcome of the study, different values these temples
and the spatial dimension concerning them carry for different actors, and how these different values or benefits are capitalized, and the types of
sabotages they cause have been explained in detail, and it has been targeted to make a provocative contribution to the literature.

Looking at the scale of our country, the emergency service units, it is observed that the problems are not sufficiently taken into consideration and
the unforeseen planning is made without considering the priorities of the personnel. It is an undeniable fact that this process causes disadvantages
in terms of time, energy, economy, etc. and therefore decreases the work efficiency of health personnel. According to two studies conducted in
the United States, unqualified emergency department designs represent a major obstacle to patient care of emergency personnel. On the other
hand, in another study, it was stated that the correctly designed emergency department provides faster patient care and reduces the loss of labor of the personnel of the unit due to the deficiencies of the architectural structure. For this reason, it is important to question how health services are affected by the design of emergency rooms through the existing examples. In this context, the action areas and circulation areas of Trabzon “Fatih State Hospital” and “Kanuni Education and Research Hospital” emergency services units, which were selected as the study area, were examined in this context. For this purpose, data were gathered with “Interview with personnel” and “Space Syntax” techniques and the findings were compared with each other. As a result, it has been seen that the basic assumption of the study stating that handling spatial organization not according to the priorities of healthcare crew, that activity areas do not establish correct relations with each other, that the equipment placement does not sufficiently support the basic activity of the space negatively affect the service quality in both activity areas and also in circulation areas is supported.

Technically and aesthetically appropriate lighting designs that integrate with the park’s appearance and function ensure that park users can easily perceive the environment and feel safe, as well as make more use of these public spaces with the guiding and remarkable effect of the light. In this article, it is aimed to examine the lighting of a park in terms of external lighting criteria with objective and subjective methods. In this context Koşuyolu Yaşam Park in the scale of the neighbourhood located in Koşuyolu district of Istanbul has chosen. In the study, firstly the existing lighting conditions of Koşuyolu Yaşam Park were determined by using on-site measurements, calculations made in Relux lighting simulation program by means of objective methods and compared with the values given in the standards and evaluated subjectively by conducting surveys. Subsequently, recommendations were made to improve the existing lighting conditions and existing conditions-new suggestions were compared in terms of annual energy use. The objective determinations revealed that the existing lighting arrangement of the park was inadequate in terms of some criteria. In subjective determinations, it was concluded that the users do not have sufficient awareness about unfavorable lighting conditions. In addition, with the recommended lighting designs, it has been proved that the use of luminaires with appropriate technical features not only provide visual comfort conditions but also reduce the energy usage.

This paper seeks to assess the effect of reverberation time, distribution of reverberation time over the frequency range and signal-to-noise ratio on speech intellibility by adults and children in classrooms by the use of phonetically balanced monosyllabic Turkish word recognition tests. Two sets of 25-items phonetically balanced monosyllabic Turkish words were recorded in a full anechoic chamber. Auralizations of the recordings were developed in an acoustic simulation software for a range of reverberation time of 0,8 seconds (average of 500 Hz, 1000 Hz ve 2000 Hz), 0,4 seconds (average of 500 Hz, 1000 Hz ve 2000 Hz) and 0,4 seconds (125–4000 Hz) and two signal-to-noise ratios of 0 dB and 15dB in a typical classroom. Listening tests developed from auralizations were presented to adults and children. The results show that when reverberation time (average of 500 Hz, 1000 Hz ve 2000 Hz) is reduced from 0.8 seconds to 0.4 seconds for both signal-to-noise ratios of 0 dB and 15 dB, the percentage of speech recognition scores increases in both adults and children. However, in case of 0 dB signal-to-noise, when the reverberation time falls from 0.4 seconds (average of 500 Hz, 1000 Hz ve 2000 Hz) to 0.4 seconds (125–4000 Hz) while there is no significant improvement in the word recognition scores by adults, there is a significant improvement in childrens’ scores. For the 15 dB signal-to-noise ratio case, reverberation time of 0,4 seconds (125 - 4000 Hz) does not have a notable impact on word recognition scores for both children and adults.

The risks that emerge during an emergency and disasters as well as the damages caused by such risks adversely affect human lives, the buildings they live in and the interiors of such buildings. Emergency and disaster management system is a holistic process. Within this process, the Interior Architects’ command in the flow of management system is significant in terms of being acquainted with when to step in and at what point of the system flow to play a part. The risks that are revealed as a result of management activities and the requirements produced afterwards designate the necessity for taking and implementing measures beforehand. At this point, how important the indoor arrangements and planning are in terms of loss of lives and safety during and after an incident rises distinctively to the surface, apart from the structural arrangements intended for prevention and mitigation. The system built should demonstrate not attenuating but strengthening and supporting approaches in terms of a secure design. A safe architecture that has been established in line with legal requirements and regulations is an integral part of a system that cannot be abstracted from interior space. In the study, Interior Space Design Approaches as Part of “Passive Safety Measures” which are a part of the emergency management system have been characterised. The system setup discussed pursuant to fire threat has identified the fundamental approach criteria in terms of a secure indoor evacuation. The purposed design system relation has been assessed on the historical Famagusta–Bandabuliya Building that has been refunctioned.

Surfaces in our environment are secondary light sources. They do not produce light, but reflect or transmit the light that comes upon them. These surfaces which are transparent, translucent and opaque can be bright, silky or dull and coloured or colourless. The visibility of the surfaces can be assessed by two ways as objective and subjective. In the objective evaluation, luminance is affective which can be found by calculation and measurement and is the only photometric magnitude that can be seen. In the subjective evaluation, visibility changes as the logarithm of the visual stimulus depending on the physiological structure of the human eye. In other words, brightness that is the sensation of luminance (visual stimulus) is affective in subjective evaluation. The more luminance/brightness quantity, the more visibility of surfaces. But, it should be noted that high luminances create glare, low luminances provide ineffective surface visibility. In this study, visibility phenomenon and magnitudes that affect this phenomenon are explained, objective and subjective visibility of dull surfaces are examined.

Metro lines are the most important part of urban rail systems. The socio-economic effects in this frame become an area of interest day by day, whereas studies regarding the effect of metro lines on increase of real estate prices prevail. However, there are also other studies and evaluations with different approaches. In this article, the studies regarding the effect of metro lines on real estate prices will be evaluated in terms of methods and findings, and various views around the world about these issues will be put forward. In this context, the purpose of this study is to summarize the different perspectives in the academic researches on how the metro lines affect the housing prices. According to the literature reviewed, metro lines have generally increased housing prices due to the increase in accessibility and positive externalities.

Housing land supply is one of the most important issues that the planning discipline discusses from the several perspectives. On the one hand, population, local dynamics and economic policies that stimulate urban development have substantial impact on the size and form of the housing land supply, on the other hand, landowners and construction companies, who are aimed to get the highest benefits from housing construction, are powerful on directing both central and local governments land policies.This study aims to investigate this new housing land supply regime by focusing on institutional restructuring period and legal arrangements. In order to understand the structural reforms, and consequently, the role of central and local governments in housing land supply, new institutional economics (NIE) is applied as methodological approach.NIE focuses on institutions and formal rules in order to understand structural characteristics of the market and behaviour of market actors. In our case, the planning system to the extent of institutional structure and planning regime along with legal arrangements is structurally analysed in order to understand the current housing land supply regime. A comprehensive documentary analysis, including both institutional restructuring and legal arrangements, has been done to reflecting the structural changes in 2000s.Documentary analysis obviously reflects the dominant role of the state in new housing land supply regime. However, because of the inherent characteristics of the planning system and conflicts in power use of central and local governments, the conditions of perfect information and certainty in the land supply market is enable to create. Mutual relations is the other factor that disturb the housing land supply regime. Therefore, uncertainties in market conditions is high and actors behave in bounded rationality. Consequently, the new housing land supply regime is seen not be enable to create concreate market conditions to actors and not supported by consistent housing policies.

Genel inancın tam tersine, okul bahçesi, kantin, sirkülasyon alanları vs. öğrenme sürecinde sınıflar kadar önemli eğitim mekanlarıdır. Dolayısıyla iyi tasarlanmış kapsayıcı okul bahçeleri çocuğun bilişsel, fiziksel, sosyal/duyusal, iletişimsel, kısaca gelişimsel ihtiyaçlarını destekler. Bu nedenle, bütün okul çevresinde öğrenmeye uygun ortamlar oluşturmak çok önemlidir. Bu çalışma ile çocuğun öğrenmesinde, yaratıcılığında, beyin ve vücut gelişimi/sağlığında, sosyal etkileşiminde önemli etkileri olan destekleyici okul bahçelerinin fiziksel koşulları incelenmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca farklı yetenek ve kısıtlamalardaki bütün çocukların okul bahçesini güvenli biçimde kullanmalarına ve diğer öğrencilerle sosyalleşmelerine yardımcı olacak okul bahçesi tasarımı üzerine yoğunlaşılmıştır. Literatürden elde edilen bilgiler doğrultusunda ve Atatürk Okul Kompleksi öğrenci ve öğretmenlerinin okul bahçeleri ile ilgili istekleri dikkate alınarak evrensel tasarıma uygun, çocuğun öğrenme, yaratıcılık ve sosyal iletişimini destekleyecek okul bahçesi tasarımı geliştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonunda okul bahçeleri ile ilgili dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlara da değinilmiştir.

Urban open and green areas, especially where old mature odunsu reached the age groves and parks, landscape architecture holds an important place in the studies to be made regarding. Important regional and local landscape character at the scale of the structure, reflecting the region’s ecology is compatible with the protection of areas of resistant vegetation is important in terms of sustainability. In the historical process of this kind survived until the present day landscape of the area of the woody vegetation species which occur in the uncovering of the survey area habitat conditions, and will contribute to the science of determining the performance of these species. For this purpose, the most important of The Historical Public Garden the town of Çanakkale open and green woody vegetation from the area of the region and the historical development of the city, the region and the current ecological characteristics of vegetation has been identified. 2016-2017 the year of observation and the identification perennial woody plant species existing in the four seasons, height, diameter, crown widths, development, and health conditions, good growing harmonious to the landscape and vegetation of the region have been revealed. A total of 1,200 plants have been identified as trees and shrubs in the historic gardens. Existing vegetation, deciduous broad-leaved trees, the majority of (576 ). Of them, 57.1% tall trees (329), 25.2% in trees of short stature (145) and 17.7% medium-stature trees (102) comprises. Historic garden within a well developed, tall trees, there are a total of 28 units: Acer negundo, Gleditsia triacanthos, Maclura pomifera, Platanus orientalis, Ulmus minor, Populus x canadensis, Populus x canescens, Populus tremula, Cornus sanguinea, Myrtus communis, Phillyrea latifolia, Cedrus libani, Cupressus sempervirens, Pinus brutia. For the purpose of special historic public garden protection and improvement proposals have been introduced.

The trivet of sustainability is economic, ecologic and social aspects. The foundations of social sustainability are equal share of resources, providing people equal responsibilities and rights. From this angle, providing the foundations of social sustainability in urban areas for children is planning fair spatial distribution of different urban spaces and providing equal access for different space to children from different socio-economic backgrounds. Within this context survey questionnaires were undertaken with 768 pupils from diverse age groups in 12 primary and secondary schools in Kadıköy and Sultanbeyli districts of Istanbul, where socioeconomic development levels are considerably different. In addition, using digital mapping techniques and GIS, field size of those designed parks were calculated and compared in both districts. Moreover, park in both districts, which were reported by children in surveys, were also compared by their spatial qualities. Emerging results show that spatial distribution and field sizes of those parks in low socio economic statu areas were not fair according to social justice principles and children’s accessibility to those areas were lower; whereas, in high socio economic statue areas more fair spatial distribution of designed parks and higher levels of accessibility to those areas were identified.