Architectural projection could be the most decisive kulturtechnik in modern architectural processes, from the Renaissance and the Enlightenment to the present. Indeed, it is the technique that makes architectural practice modern by grounding it on the medial field of intellectual-corporeal distinction and constituting an operational field that is parallel to the modern notion of projection (Heideggerian Entwurf) that causes the dissolution of the ontology defined by a transcendental context. Architecture becomes a practice based on mediation (subject-agent-object), in which all its techniques (agents) are employed to project all mundane actions into the future. This text draws attention to the in-between area as an operational field where the kulturtechnik – a term employed by German media theory, particularly after the 1990s, as the fundamental element of the mediation – mediates and thus creates the differences, tries to represent the field itself as an operational ground for comprehensive interpretation of architectural representation, by following a Kraussian approach that allows us the hybrid conceptualization that the mediations require, reproducing the semiotic square. By reproducing the Kraussian diagram in the context of two categories, which are fundamental for the dissolution of classical ontology and therefore all the heterogeneous modern practices, such as architecture, it is aimed at mapping the expanded field of architectural representation to evaluate its mediations. In other words, this text aims to contribute to the literature by proposing a highly hybrid performative guide to evaluate architectural history and theory by mapping the mediations of architectural representation (its pragmatic, semantic, and syntactic hybridizations) in modern processes.

This article aims to compare the findings of an ongoing original doctoral study on the conservation of "traditional underground water systems" in Gaziantep and its vicinity, listed on the World Heritage Tentative List, with the significant damage to the built environment following the February 6th earthquakes and the resulting new situation, in order to define new conservation dynamics accordingly. The study seeks to initiate a discussion on the impact of changing environmental dynamics due to the earthquake on the conservation of these systems, focusing on the fundamental inputs of "resilience" and "vulnerability" in disaster risk management. The study utilized pre-earthquake documentation, such as system status, postearthquake observations, damage assessments, expert reports, and satellite images, as primary inputs. Considering the earthquakes, the triggered secondary damages, and the scale of the disaster's impact, the comparative study of similar examples has been identified as a limitation. Hence, the article examined the 2003 Iran Bam earthquake's impact on Iranian Qanat Systems, a comparable example listed as a World Heritage Site since 2016. Despite the difficulties related to the accessibility of underground canals and traditional water structures such as kastel and livas, the study obtained significant findings for rapid post-disaster assessment and resilience capacity. The examinations reveal that traditional construction systems in the region are not always humanmade, and karstic cave formations beneath historical structures should be evaluated separately, especially after earthquakes. The findings indicate that these water systems being constructed underground increases the resilience and reduces vulnerability of both the source and the users in the face of disasters such as earthquakes. Furthermore, the results support the study's hypothesis on how conservation efforts contribute to water security in the twenty-first century.

Guest speaker events, as a form of instructional strategy in higher education settings, has long been recognized as a valid pedagogical method, whereas the factors that either promote or hinder the efficacy of this strategy in architecture education has not been extensively investigated. Accordingly, this paper presents a cross-domain literature review on the topic. The findings of the review have led to a discussion on guest speakers in design studios as an effective manifestation of inquiry-based learning (IBL). By searching 8 databases using the PICO framework, a systematic literature review was conducted to an in-depth examination of 35 articles across 25 domains in higher education, followed by a thematic analysis considering Braun and Clarke’s approach. The interpretive analysis yielded six themes: (1) bridging academia and practice, (2) speaker selection, (3) event planning, (4) content and format, (5) interaction mode, and (6) students’ preferences. While incorporating guest speakers can enhance student engagement, critical thinking, and networking, successful implementation hinges on addressing several factors such as the role of instructors’ guidance and tailoring topics and guest speakers’ selection with students' levels. Students' engagement with guest speakers in exploring content, issues, real-world perspectives and questions aligns with experiential learning and IBL principles. The study underscores the need for additional research in architecture education to understand students’ and instructors’ perceptions, concerning the role of guest speakers particularly on issues like contributions to learning, influence on design approaches and the implications for developing collaborative pedagogical practices.

In recent years, studies on water-related values have intensified on international platforms. Istanbul is one of the world's important water cities with its historical water structures that are part of a complex system. This study focuses on the evaluation of the public baths located in the Kırkçeşme Water System largest water system in Istanbul. Aiming for the cultural, environmental, and economic continuity of water-related historical assets, an integrated preservation approach for the existing traces of the historical water system is examined focusing on public baths. An increasing number of public baths are used in their original function with their full authenticity. They are also re-used for contemporary art and
cultural activities regarding to their spatial opportunities. Cultural routes provide a versatile preservation methodology, also offering innovative solutions for the integration of historic assets into contemporary life. The study contains an evaluation of several texts, charters, and recommendations clarifying the systematics of cultural routes and their criteria. Evaluating the data, regarding their historical values and also current conditions, public baths redefined as a cultural route element of water systems have the opportunity to be an effective method in the holistic preservation approach.

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the imperative for housing to adapt to various factors, such as spatial, functional, climatic, and aesthetic considerations. The pandemic has transformed the dynamics between occupants and their living environments, influencing how different age groups interact with dwelling spaces, as well as impacting work, learning, healthcare access, and services. Urban life dynamics, especially in metropolitan areas, have undergone significant shifts due to social, cultural, technological, environmental, and economic factors. These changes, propelled by urbanization, demographic changes, evolving social structures, challenges in housing accessibility, and the rapid advancement of communication technologies, demand innovative approaches to housing design and programming. This study aims to identify future housing design trends and tendencies within this evolving context. Using a systematic literature review methodology, the study analyzed 87 articles published between 2010 and 2023, selected from digital databases according to predetermined criteria. Through meta-synthesis, STEEP analysis, and Shannon entropy assessments, the study identified 21 megatrends and 72 driving forces across the social, technological, environmental, economic, and political dimensions of housing design. The findings lay the groundwork for future housing innovations and sustainability, contributing to a wider discourse and enabling the generation of foresight model scenarios for housing design. Identifying these trends is crucial for creating functional, flexible, and sustainable living spaces that are suitable for the changing lifestyles and needs of individuals.

Most studies on size distributions focus on examining rank-size distributions at urban or regional scale, but they often overlook their spatial dependencies, distributions, and neighboring relationships. This study aims to test Zipf 's Law at the neighborhood scale of Metropolitan Istanbul, analyze its spatial dependencies, and investigate their spatial behavioral patterns in urban areas over the past decade. Initially, we found that Zipf 's Law is not valid at the neighborhood scale of Istanbul. Secondly, we identified significant spatial dependencies in neighborhood population densities, observed clustering of high- and lowdensity neighborhoods in different locations, and detected their influences from adjacent neighborhood densities. Thirdly, we observed that population dynamics are directly affected by urban policies. Based on these findings, when spatial dependencies are considered as essential factors and analyzed in detail at lower scales, population density can provide preliminary insight into the social, economic, and political processes occurring in the city.

Impermeable surfaces have increased due to urbanization, leading to environmental problems in urban areas. To address these challenges, more municipalities are turning to green infrastructure strategies. Municipalities need to implement green infrastructure on public land and encourage residents to adopt it on their private properties. While previous research has explored factors influencing residents' willingness to install green infrastructure, little attention has been given to the combined barriers to implementation, particularly social barriers. This study aims to develop a comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting residents' willingness. An online survey was created utilizing a previously employed scale, and regression models were used for each green infrastructure strategy. The study area was selected as Villakent, Izmir, and the responses of 123 participants were analyzed. The findings suggest that municipalities can facilitate greater adoption of green infrastructure by organizing seminars and training sessions in addition to existing incentives.

Inequalities between regions tend to increase worldwide. In Türkiye, where inter-regional inequalities are quite high, regional inequalities and regional policies came to the fore along with the EU harmonization principles and the candidacy process, following the approval of EU candidacy in 1999. In the early 2000s, new regions were created in Türkiye in parallel with the EU regional classification, and Development Agencies (DAs) were established in these regions to accelerate regional development. In this research, the effects of the new regional development policies in Türkiye post-2000 and the DAs, which are the prominent actors of regional development, on the economic growth and competitive performances of the regions were examined. As the research method, regional policies after 2000 and regional economic growth performances in the 2004-2009 period and the 2013-2018 period, based on the year 2010 when DAs were established, were examined with dynamic shift-share analyses. In parallel with the changes in public administration, the period after 2018 was analyzed separately as the 2019-2023 period. According to the analysis results obtained, compared to the performance of the pre-2010 period, the regional competitiveness effect has increased in some middle-lowincome and low-income regions in the periods after the establishment of DAs, especially in sub-regions in the Southeastern Anatolia Region, where the Southeastern Anatolia Project is being implemented. On the other hand, negative regional competitiveness effects were observed in the economic growth performances of nine regions from different income groups after 2010. Additionally, a positive medium-low level correlation was determined between the financial support of DAs and the regional growth performances.

With the increase in construction activities under the effects of neo-liberal policies, especially in metropolitan cities, the urban management system faces the critical issue of striving for an urban identity. This study seeks to reveal the awareness of national urban laws and regulations regarding the urban identity concept in the scope of urban facades and silhouettes. On the other hand, the problems experienced and visible in urban silhouettes and identity are indicators of awareness regarding the legislation and the deficiencies and obstacles arising from its implementation. Iran, a developing country with different layers of identity such as culture and religion, is selected for this research. The research focuses on the case of Iran in two essential components. Firstly, it aims to demonstrate the awareness of legal tools in the scope of the necessity for the continuity of urban identity and silhouettes. Then, it reveals the real implementations in urban areas, which show the loss of identity and continuity in the urban facade and silhouette.
The most reliable way to reveal this is through urban silhouettes and facade visuals. In this case, the visuals of the buildings built during the Pahlavi period, the buildings from the first years of the revolution, and those being built today as city and architecture interfaces show the lack of identity and the loss of continuity of the facade in their most distinctive features. Since architectural development and urban areas are always subject to social and political development, the era after the Islamic Revolution of Iran, as one of the most important political, social, and cultural events, was chosen to evaluate city facades and identity. In this study, a comprehensive literature review was conducted, in which the legislation, including legal sources, laws, and regulations, as well as historical periods, maps, and visual sources, were examined. The requirements of the legislation and real practices were compared with the support of visuals.

This paper presents a methodological approach to the process of identifying the traces of Levent Farm and Barracks in the urban landscape of late 18th- and early 19th-century Istanbul, contextualizing and recording these structures as part of a settlement complex. The research methodology includes the preparation of a prediction map, inter-scale evaluations based on cross-referencing with written sources, and the correlation of the findings with historical geography and the contemporary urban context. In this way, the building traces determined by the exploratory field surveys have been holistically identified as part of the Levent Farm and Barracks and registered as tangible cultural heritage values. The research outputs offer a new perspective on the spatial development of 18th-century Istanbul in the context of urban history and urban archaeology, while revealing the potential of evaluating current planning and design processes together with the cultural heritage of the modern period and the potential of valuing different cultural layers as a whole.