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1. | Megaron 2019-1 Full Issue Pages I - IV |
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2. | Evaluation of Parameters Affecting Energy Efficiency of Vernacular Mardin Houses: A Case Study Irem Sözen, Gül Koçlar Oral doi: 10.14744/megaron.2018.40327 Pages 1 - 10 This paper presents the bioclimatic characteristics of vernacular houses in Mardin City and a quantitative evaluation of parameters affecting energy efficiency. For the evaluation; the parameters of site, settlement density, optical and thermo-physical properties of the building envelope are covered. An existing house representing vernacular Mardin housing is selected and modelled with the surrounding settlement. The simulation is performed for a typical meteorological year. Five different cases are modelled to evaluate different parameters and simulated to calculate monthly heating and cooling energy demands. The results reveal the significance of each parameter for contributing to energy efficiency. The base case representing the existing settlement has been determined as the optimum case with minimum total energy demands though the results vary when heating and cooling demands are considered separately. Energy demands are strongly affected by thermo-physical characteristics but especially the use of massive materials in the envelope (up to 39.77%). Settlement scale parameters of site and settlement density change balance of heating and cooling demands but in total have limited influence on total energy loads. (1.79% and 1.52%) Increasing window to wall ratio from 4.88% to 10% have increased yearly total energy loads by 2.05%. |
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3. | Pera Palace Hotel Construction Technology Banu Çelebioğlu, Uzay Yergün doi: 10.5505/megaron.2018.35493 Pages 11 - 17 From the first quarter of the 18th century, a new perspective for European civilization was adopted by the Ottoman Empire and this Westernization concept was transformed into an essential revolutionary movement in governmental and social structure. Therefore, the initials steps of implementing any change were taken with the decision of constructing the buildings with new functions that are required as the necessary structures of modern state and public, according to European architectural design models with modern building materials and construction technologies. Building materials fabricated by European industry, such as brick, steel and concrete, as well as construction technologies like brick arch, steel-frame and concrete were important determinants in the historical evolution of Ottoman architecture after the first quarter of the 19th century. One of the first structures built with the new function and construction technology of Ottoman architecture is Pera Palace Hotel (1895) designed by famous architect of this period, Alexander Vallaury. Apart from the Ottoman palaces, it’s a building that the first electricity is supplied, the first elevator is located and the first hot water is active. In this paper, the architectural characteristics of the first modern hotel structure built in the Pera region, the construction system vertically supported by prefabricated bricks and arched floor with steel beams will be carried out in the frame of the original architectural projects. The significance of the building will be revealed in terms of cultural values of the Ottoman architecture. |
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4. | The Relationship Between Gaussian Curvature and Surface Panelization Approaches in Architecture Tuğrul Yazar doi: 10.5505/megaron.2018.50103 Pages 18 - 30 As the design of free-form architectural surfaces becomes easier, questioning and foreseeing the feasibility of the construction of these surfaces becomes important. Such an inquiry requires sufficient knowledge of architectural geometry besides the knowledge of materials and structural systems. In this article, a preliminary example of a guide which supports the design and production process of building surfaces with different geometric properties is presented. This guide aims to reveal the relationship between Gaussian curvature which is an intrinsic geometric feature of architectural surfaces, and some of the widespread paneling strategies. After the literature review and the description and classification of curvature and paneling concepts via architectural examples, a comparative table has been created. The resulting table facilitates answering the question of whether it is possible geometrically to build architectural surfaces with different paneling strategies, especially at early phases of architectural design. Besides, it contains information about the planarity and the equality of the surface panels. Thus, the preliminary information is presented to the designer about the estimated cost of surface construction and the materials and technologies to be selected. Further development of such guides will help architects and students to use geometry more consciously hence more strongly. On the other hand, it is aimed to make contributions to the Turkish literature of the mentioned research field, to emphasize the Turkish equivalents of the related mathematical terms, and to draw attention to some of the newly developed topics on this field. |
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5. | Process of Culture as a New Form of Production in Industrial Buildings: Buda Fabriek Begüm Bayraktaroğlu, Feride Pinar Arabacıoğlu doi: 10.5505/megaron.2018.71542 Pages 31 - 40 Industrial buildings offer convenient spaces for current cultural uses, while use for cultural purposes has the potential to convert some constraints into opportunities for the reuse of industrial buıildings. Based on these ideas, the study focuses on the process of culture becoming a new mode of production in industrial buildings and aims to reveal the reasons for the adaptation of industrial buildings into cultural sites. First of all, the new features of contemporary cultural spaces by the effects of the information age have been put forward and then the industrial buildings are being addressed in the context of culture and adaptive reuse. The aim of this study is embodying the appropriate conditions offered by the industrial structures for cultural uses and also contribution of cultural functions in solving reuse problems, by examining the paths followed during the transformation process. For this purpose, a recent application of the Buda Fabriek transformation project was examined and hypotheses were tested. |
6. | The Concept of ‘Smart City’ and Criticism within the Context of its Transforming Meaning Mücella Ateş, Deniz Erinsel Önder doi: 10.5505/megaron.2018.45087 Pages 41 - 50 When the acceleration of migration in cities and the size of population are examined, it is seen that 30% of the world population lived in cities in 1950 and this ratio has increased to 50% in 2010. According to the researches, it is predicted that 60% of the population in 2030 and 70% of the population in 2050 will live in the cities. In the face of the rise of population, urbanization rates, and the rapidly depleted resources, to introduce urban solutions with the help of developing technologies and to create sustainable cities in every dimension has made the idea of ‘smartness of cities’ by making the development of smart approaches compulsory. The approach that includes these dynamics is called ‘Smart City’. It is discussed the emergence of the concept of ‘Smart City’, the shaping of the concept according to the urban processes and the different purposes, how the explanatory elements of the concept such as ‘smart economy, smart people, smart governance, smart mobility, smart environment, smart living’ affected these processes in this study. Besides, it is aimed to clarify the unclear lines of the concept. The importance of a society that can effectively use smart methods in solving environmental and social problems and sustainability is emphasized in this study. The concept was evaluated critically by a different point of view and conclusions were made in this direction. It has been drawn attention to the process of transformation and differentiation of the concept of ‘Smart City’ which constitutes the main idea of this article, and the concept has been examined in a way as not been discussed before. In this context, criticisms about meaning and value change towards the concept of ‘Smart City’ have been put forward.Thus, the importance of integrating the concept with urban multi-tier processes has been emphasized. |
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7. | Evaluation Upon the Transformation of the Monuments and Memorials Murat Polat doi: 10.5505/megaron.2018.69077 Pages 51 - 62 We can live without architecture but we can not remember without it. J.Ruskin, 1849 As John Ruskin mentioned in his works about the monument and memory, architecture and the built environment has a major effect in the memory. The human history which is full of tradegies, the main aspect of life is the human existence and its death. Therefore the individuals created their own monuments and memorials as a tool to spread their traces in earth. Monuments are built to comemorize the important characters of the societies or toe remember the historical events which has an important role in making the history of the society. This article focuses on mainly the transformation of the monuments and memorials since the first monument was erected in the history till today. The meaning of the memory today has been discussed regarding four different monuments/memorials such as Holocasut Memorial in Berlin, The Monument for the German Soldiers in Berlin, 9/11 Memorial in USA and the Johnas Dahlberg’s “Memory Wound” Memorial which has not been realized yet. |
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8. | An Evaluation of Restitutions Prepared for the Architecture of the Neolithic Site of Göbeklitepe and a Proposition Atlıhan Onat Karacalı, Nur Urfalıoğlu doi: 10.5505/megaron.2018.60362 Pages 63 - 73 Neolithic studies were mainly about the agriculture. However, the Neolithic was a period where all aspects of human life changed dramatically. Hence, this era must be studied in detail by various disciplines, as well as the architecture. Although small in number, there still are some studies processing the Neolithic architecture. And additionally, there are restitutions drawn for some Neolithic structures. However, the restitutions are heavily based on personal predictions and are open and vulnerable to criticism. Göbeklitepe is a stunning Neolithic findspot from Tukey. Not only by the scale of the structures excavated but also by the facts it offered, this site forced scholars to reconsider what they knew about the early Neolithic. As the much interest increased in time, many studies processed about this site and various restitutions were prepared as well. Once again, these restitutions were personal, and they must be investigated by the facts that scientific studies on the site figured out. And more accurate restitutions for Göbeklitepe must be drawn, matching with same scientific data. |
9. | The Unknown Modern Additions of “Mülkiye”: Library and Amphi Buildings Azize Elif Yabacı, Tomris Elvan Altan, Neriman Şahin Güçhan doi: 10.5505/megaron.2018.28190 Pages 74 - 86 The school building, designed by Ernst A. Egli in 1935 with the name of Mülkiye Mektebi and took the name of Siyasal Bilgiler Okulu after, is one of the main representatives of modernization efforts of the new Republic with the modern conditions provided to the students and the people graduated from the school to take part in important levels of the State besides its modern architectural language. Due to the increasing population of the School which was placed under Ankara University with the name of Faculty of Political Sciences in 1950, the Dean demanded for additional buildings in the scope of expansion and modification project in 1954. An architectural competition was opened for Library and Amphi and Enver Tokay, Ayhan Tayman and Yılmaz Sanlı, the important figures of modern movement architecture of the period, won the competition. As the modern examples of different periods, togetherness of main building and additional buildings, and being the works of important architects of two different periods put forth a valuable subject to be studied. With different designs required by the function and simple, unadorned but well-thought-of details, these additional buildings are convenient examples to examine the prevailing understanding and approach of the period at the same time. There is almost no written or visual published information about these buildings of the Enver Tokay and Ayhan Tayman who also worked together in various projects, such as Emek İş hanı. In this article, history, architectural features and the relation with Mülkiye of these buildings – Library and Amphi - designed and constructed between 1955-1967 was studied; and in this process, the original drawings and the current situation of the buildings were compared and analyzed together. In the result, it is aimed to put forward the place of these buildings in the field of modern architecture. |
10. | Built-in Furnitures of Mehmet Pehlivan House’s “Başoda” in Germir-Kayseri Gözde Kuzu Dinçbaş, Müşfika Gül Akdeniz doi: 10.5505/megaron.2018.70845 Pages 87 - 102 A number of studies has been made concerning the preservation of historical Germir houses. On one hand no work has been made in regard to the built-in furnitures (şerbetlik, cupboard, etc.) of rooms or houses. Recently in respect to palace furnitures many studies have been made; in return there is no basic fieldwork concerning the Ottoman period houses’ built-in furnitures. Detecting the inadequacies of the field, it was decided to study the built-in furnitures of Germir. Among 35 houses, the built-in furnitures of Mehmet Pehlivan House were chosen as the best example and the most representative one. Like most of the existing Ottoman Period houses, the Germir houses are made in the second half of the 19.th. century, their decoration being more under the effect of European styles. The Germir and Pehlivan houses were Christian houses, and the population of Germir was mainly consisting of Christians (Orthodox Greeks/ Karamanians/ Turkofon Greeks/ Anatolian Turks and Gregorian Armenians) before the migration (1923). However, the house and furniture design, with some exceptions, was mainly under the effect of traditional Ottoman planning and design. In the Pehlivan house, the main room’s (başoda) furnitures were arranged like the furnitures of the Turkish “Başoda”. The built-in furnitures of the Ottoman/Turkish “Başoda” comprises of “yüklük (cupboard), şerbetlik, seki-sedir/diwan”, and some other minor wares. In the Pehlivan House the door is handled together with the furnitures of the main room (başoda), placed on the same partition wall, having the same concept with the Turkish “Başoda” as cited above. |
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11. | A Hundred Years of Mardin as a Modern City in the case of Birinci Cadde (the First Avenue) and Halkevi (the People’s House) Halil İbrahim Düzenli, Evrim Düzenli doi: 10.5505/megaron.2018.46704 Pages 103 - 121 Throughout the Late Ottoman and the Early Republican periods in Turkey, traditional urban fabrics have been transformed as a result of many fragmentary interventions. By the 2000s, the relationship between urban design and traditional urban fabric attained a new level, where the new focus of intervention was the tourist industry in which the image of traditional town was polished in conformity with spatial consumption. The modernization process is exemplified by two interventions in Mardin city: the First Avenue (1915-2013) and the People’s House (1938-2011). The method of the study is based on the information obtained through on-site observations made between 2008 and 2015. Related literature, drawings and visual documents were examined. As the study depicts the stories of the last 100 years’, it is expected to be seen as a contribution to the literature of prevailing “history of the private space and buildings”. In the conclusion of the study, the modernization efforts in Mardin have been evaluated through the examples of the First Avenue and People’s House. Initially, the Avenue was expanded to allow steady flow of traffic that got increased due to automobiles appearing as a new means of transportation, and later in 2013 and 2014 it was transformed into a pedestrian area in parallel to the rehabilitation of the building facades. The People’s House with its reinforced concrete structure and plastered facade was the first example of a cultural institution in 1938 representing the introduction of reinforced concrete structure. In 2011, plasters were removed and its facades were converted to a stone bond, and the building was transformed to a boutique hotel. Thus, the two spaces that were reflecting the modernist and nationalist ideals in the beginning of the 20th century, went through a transformation reflecting the 21th century’s trends of tourism and consumption focused trends. |
12. | Qualified Labors’ Residential Location Choice and Residential Satisfaction Ayşe Nur Albayrak, Tayfun Salihoğlu, Güliz Salihoğlu doi: 10.5505/megaron.2018.72998 Pages 122 - 132 Decentralization of production and services in a global economy changes the dynamics of urban space as well as housing location choices of households. While the choice of housing is shaped by the house prices and travel behavior of households in a mono-centered city, it is determined by a complex decision mechanism in a poly-centered (metropolitan) city which is shaped by the decentralization of industries. Preferences of individuals, location of job(s), amenities, social and cultural facilities and accessibility options are the main components of this complex process of housing location. The shift of the working areas of the qualified workforce within the creative class (such as science-technology workers, engineers, architects, designers, educators) from urban center to the periphery over time, raises the examination of the housing location choices of creatives. For this purpose, the dynamics of housing location selection of the qualified workforce working in the periphery of the Istanbul Metropolitan Area are examined in this study. Gebze as a huge warehouse for the jobs and employees has been an attractive location for industrial companies in the process of decentralization of industry from Istanbul and has become an important industrial settlement in the hinterland of Istanbul. Creative jobs such as public and private R & D centers, technology intensive production zones and a university where the qualified workforce chooses to work intensively are established in Gebze. Due to the spatial proximity and transportation possibilities to Istanbul which are getting stronger by the regional transportation projects, employees in Gebze have a wide range of housing possibilities. They can choose the districts of Gebze and other districts of Kocaeli as well as the districts of Istanbul. In this context, the study focuses on the employees in Gebze and examines their residential location choices and residential satisfaction. In order to understand these dynamics, a questionnaire was applied to the employees working in Gebze by using semi-structured interview form. The findings of the questionnaire show that there are significant differences in terms of labor force quality and satisfaction between employees living in different housing areas. |
13. | Critical Toponymy: Creating Prestigious Spaces Through Using Urban Names Reycan Çetin, Aylin Şentürk doi: 10.5505/megaron.2018.05826 Pages 133 - 144 Place names are important for memory and identity and were researched by many kind of social sciences as history, anthropology, human geography, linguistic. Researches revealed that place names build organic relations with history and culture of the place. 1980s the cultural turn effected researches of place names too, and a critical approach has shown up specially in urban toponymy. First, the critical urban toponymy researches focused on how the urban names were used as a tool to gain political power. In time, considering changes on global economy and its reflections on cities, critical urban toponymy started to think on urban names as economic tools too. Not only the physical space but also urban names became a commodity which can be bought or sale. And also urban names are used to create prestigious urban spaces. This paper aims to discuss how the urban names can be used to transform a urban space into a prestigious place by Fikirtepe example. |
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14. | Investigation of User Continuity in the Context of the Sense of Belonging, Urban Identity and Urban Conservation Interaction: The Case of Kadıköy-Moda Aylin Şentürk, Nuran Zeren Gülersoy doi: 10.5505/megaron.2018.71676 Pages 145 - 159 In urban conservation, it is essential for users to relate themselves to the place they live in and to establish a connection with that space. In other words, individual should have sense of belonging towards the living space. Having unique identity of the place where identity is to be established makes this bilateral relationship stronger. It is foreseen that the increase in the living time of the individual in a specific place has a positive contribution to these relations. For this reason, the research is based on the interaction of living time, sense of belonging, urban identity and urban conservation. The perception of the sense of belonging, urban identity and urban conservation are examined initially and then the contribution of living time to sense of belonging, urban identity and urban protection process are separately investigated. By using statistical methods have been tried to show how the concepts of sense of belonging, urban identity and urban conservation affect each other. |