A Restitution Study for the Plans of a Group of Traditional Erzurum Houses in İbrahim Paşa District
Emriye KazazAtatürk University, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Department of Architecture, Erzurum, TurkeyThe aim of this study is to purpose a restitution for the plan of a group of traditional Erzurum houses, which were built as independent but adjacent houses in the second half of the 18th century in the historical city center of Erzurum, by examining the spatial, structural and functional transformation with the abolition of borders while transforming into a café/restaurant. These traditional Erzurum houses are located at the intersection of Raşit Paşa and Salih Yüzbaşı Streets in İbrahim Paşa District, which is one of the historical settlements in the south west of Inner Castle. Houses once used independently began to be used as a single building with a number of changes made in the plan layout. However, during the change of function, facade layout and numerous spaces intertwined under the same roof and this made it difficult to understand the original plan scheme of the buildings. As there is a lack of documentation of the changes made and the presence of ambiguity in the different verbal information sources about the buildings, the main problem of this study is to determine the number of houses the cafe/restaurant consists of. Other important problems are the determination of the boundaries and the spatial organization of the houses. In addition, the scarcity of written sources in literature about these historic adjacent houses, which are numerous but more modest in the urban fabric compared with the two-story independent houses, increases the importance of this study. In order to reveal the changes and transformation of a group of traditional Erzurum houses built independently but adjacent to each other, first of all, traditional Erzurum houses were examined architecturally under the headings of location, plan and facade layout, material and construction technique properties. Then the architectural features and possible traces of change on this group of buildings, which were not mentioned in any source or document, were revealed in terms of location and plan features. After documentation of the current situation, property deeds, cadastral plans, satellite images, old photographs, historical and current maps, traces of the buildings themselves, information about traditional Erzurum houses and comparative studies were used to understand the different building phrases and restitution of the plan of these buildings. When the archive documents are evaluated, it is understood that the group of buildings were built in the second half of the 18th century according to Nene Saliha Hanım’s Foundation record dated to 1791-92. Also, parcel numbers with 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 belong to a foundation named “Nene Saliha Hanım” and parcel numbers with 5, 15, 16, 17, 18, 41 and 42 belong to private property according to the land registers. Within the building group, in addition to eight independent houses analyzed spatially, functionally and structurally, the external body walls and garden boundaries of at least two more houses, which do not exist currently, were identified. Possibly, a khan might have existed in the place of one. Unlike the traditional Erzurum houses mentioned in the literature, these houses, for which a restitution is prepared, have a simple spatial organization consisting of one or two rooms. The studied houses, which contain many clues about the social and cultural life style of the old Erzurum city, yet which are decreasing in number, should be registered as cultural assets by the relevant Conservation Board. Additionally, the reconstruction permit decision given in the Conservation Development Plan for this region that conforms to many protection criteria such as historical, architectural, continuity, rarity and memorial value with its structure, parcel and streets should be re-evaluated. This study is important as it reveals that these single-story houses, which are stacked in a building block on a traditional street texture, with modest architectural organization should be part of the relevant literature on traditional Erzurum houses, which mainly deals with independent separate two-story houses owned by wealthy families. In addition, it is stated for the first time in the literature with this study that the parcels inside the building block get access to the main street through a common closed inner street, in contrast to the houses lined up adjacent to each other on independent lots on the street.
Keywords: Restitution, tandoor house; traditional Erzurum house; traditional superstructure.İbrahim Paşa Mahallesi’nde Bir Grup Geleneksel Erzurum Evi Üzerine Plan Restitüsyonu Denemesi
Emriye KazazAtatürk Üniversitesi Mimarlık ve Tasarım Fakültesi, Mimarlık Anabilim Dalı, ErzurumErzurum’un sıra dışı iklim özellikleri geleneksel evlerin mimari biçimlenmesinde başrol oynamıştır. Soğuk ve sert iklimin etkisiyle birbirine sıkı sıkıya yaslanan evler, kent dokusu içinde adeta bir yığın görünümündedir. Küme halindeki geleneksel konutların yanı sıra daha az da olsa bağımsız inşa edilen geleneksel konutlar da bulunmaktadır. Geleneksel konut dokusu içinde görece mütevazı olan bu küme evler hızla yok olmakta ve aralarında yalnızca plan, cephe, iç mekân ve malzeme gibi özellikleri ile ön plana çıkan geleneksel evler tescillenerek korunmaya değer görülmektedir. Oysa ki, tarihi çevreleri bütüncül bir yaklaşımla korumak yerine tek yapı ölçeğine indirgemek geleneksel mahalle ölçeğinde sokak, yapı ve parsel ilişkilerinin zarar görmesine ve geleneksel dokunun yok olmasına neden olmaktadır. Erzurum’da da tarihi çekirdeği oluşturan İç Kale çevresinde dağınık olarak kalan geleneksel konutların bir kısmı, devam eden kentsel dönüşüm çalışmaları nedeniyle yıkılma tehlikesi ile karşı karşıyadır. Erzurum’un tarihsel birikimini ve değerlerini günümüze taşıyan bu yapıların korunması ve gelecek kuşaklara aktarılması kültürel mirasın yaşatılması için son derece önemlidir. Bu bağlamda, İç Kale’nin yakın çevresinde kentsel sit ve üçüncü derece arkeolojik sit alanı içinde bulunan tarihi İbrahim Paşa Mahallesi’nde tescili bulunmayan bir grup geleneksel Erzurum evi ele alınmıştır. On sekizinci yüzyıl sonlarında bağımsız ancak birbirine bitişik konutlar olarak inşa edilen ve tarihsel süreç içinde bütünleşerek kafe-restorana dönüşen bir grup geleneksel Erzurum evinin mekânsal, yapısal ve işlevsel dönüşümünün izleri incelenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Geleneksel Erzurum evi, geleneksel üstörtü; restitüsyon; tandırevi.Manuscript Language: Turkish
