Volume: 16 Issue: 2
Year: 2020

Index and Coverage

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Avery Index

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DOAJ

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EBSCO

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Erih Plus

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ESCI – Clarivate

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GALE Cengage

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Genamics

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ProQuest

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TR Dizin

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TUBITAK Ulakbim

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Ulrichs Web

Megaron. 2021; 16(2): 306-314 | DOI: 10.14744/megaron.2021.56244
A Study on Sound Level Calibration for Listening Tests Performed with Headphones in Architectural Acoustics Ezgi Türk Gürkan, Zerhan Yüksel Can Department Of Architecture, Yýldýz Technical University Faculty Of Architecture, Ýstanbul, Turkey Subjective evaluations are frequently used in design, renovation or improvement stages in architectural acoustics. Listening tests are one of the frequently used methods in subjective acoustic evaluations. These studies are generally carried out in existing halls or the auralizations digitally created in computer modellings. Listening tests can be conducted via speakers or headphones. Considering the relationship between the sound level and intelligibility, it is expected that the sound level of the recording transmitted may affect the evaluations. It is seen that the necessary importance is not given to the issue of “giving sound energy to the listener at the level obtained in the simulations” in the listening tests. The aim of this study is to reveal the method that will eliminate the deficiency of sound level calibration in listening tests performed with headphones. It is aimed that the study sets an example for listening tests performed with headphones, so to be able to get accurate evaluations via subjective evaluation tests. For sound level calibration, the sound pressure level transmitted to the listener must be equal to the sound pressure level measured or calculated in the computer models. This also applies to presentations employing both speakers and headphones. Within the scope of the study, a hall is modelled and a listening record was created over the acoustic simulations on this model. The sound pressure level, which is the target value to be measured at the headphone output, is calculated for the listener point through the simulation. Sound level measurements are performed using a head & torso simulator in order to provide sound energy output equal to the sound pressure level calculated in the computer. Thus, the level settings of the system, which are determined to be used in listening tests, can be fixed. Head & torso simulators can simulate the human hearing character and are used for accurate measurements. Using methods without simulator, such as placing a microphone between headphones or placing headphones on the headsets can affect the measurement accuracy. The sound level calibration study for a prepared hall model is shared. In this context, acoustic modelling of the hall is prepared and objective room acoustics parameters, including sound pressure level, are calculated for a specified audience point. Since the real listening conditions in the hall will be conveyed to the subjects, auralizations are carried out using raw speech signals (recorded in an anechoic room) to the simulation. Listening recordings to be used in listening tests are obtained through these auralizations. As a stable signal is required for level calibration, it is not a correct approach to use speech signals in sound level calibration stage. Therefore, white noise is used in this stage. Listening recordings prepared with white noise signal are transmitted through headphones and level measurements are made using a head & torso simulator. The sound level setting of the system is adjusted and fixed until the measured sound level is equal to the target level. Although the details are not included in the study, calibration studies are repeated for different models. The sound pressure level at the headphone output is measured using the head & torso simulator. It is ensured that the sound pressure level obtained in the measurement and calculation in the modelling corresponds to each other. With this method, the target sound pressure level can be read at the headphone output. This will ensure that subjective evaluations are compiled in accordance with the actual acoustic situation and accurate subjective evaluations to be collected. In repeated calibration studies for different hall models, it is observed that the sound level setting determined for one specific model is not suitable for other models. This reveals the necessity of the study. The sound level calculated in the modelling is transferred to the subjects correctly. Sound level control, which is generally not considered in listening tests performed within the scope of subjective evaluations in architectural acoustics, is important for accurate evaluations. It is important to give the correct sound pressure level to the subjects in order to get accurate evaluations in architectural acoustics. The present study emphasizes the importance of sound level calibration in listening tests. As the necessary importance is not given to the calibration stage, the study will contribute to the elimination of this deficiency in subjective evaluations. Keywords: Architectural acoustics, headphone presentation; listening test; sound level; sound level calibration. Mimari Akustikte Kulaklýkla Yapýlan Dinleme Testleri Ýçin Ses Düzeyi Kalibrasyonu Üzerine Bir Çalýþma Ezgi Türk Gürkan, Zerhan Yüksel Can Yýldýz Teknik Üniversitesi Mimarlýk Fakültesi, Mimarlýk Bölümü, Ýstanbul Mekânlarýn öznel akustik deðerlendirmelerinde dinleme testleri sýklýkla baþvurulan yöntemlerden biridir. Deneklere uygulanan dinleme testleriyle elde edilen akustik deðerlendirmeler tasarým, yenileme ya da iyileþtirme çalýþmalarýnda akustik tasarýmcýya veri saðlar. Dinleme testleri genellikle mekânda alýnan kayýtlar ya da bilgisayar ortamýnda oluþturulan modelleme iþitselleþtirmeleri üzerinden gerçekleþtirilmektedir. Dinleme testlerinde, dinletilmek istenen ortam koþullarýnýn deneklere doðru bir þekilde iletilmesi, yapýlacak deðerlendirmelerin saðlýklý olmasý açýsýndan gereklidir. Doðru aktarým için aranan özellikler, uygun modelleme, iþitselleþtirme sunum yöntemine iliþkin doðru ayarlar ve kullanýlan ekipmanýn teknik özelliklerinin testleri etkilememesidir. Çalýþma kapsamýnda kayýtlarýn sunum yöntemleri ve sunumlarý etkileyebilecek parametreler incelenmiþtir. Aktarýlan ses düzeyinin özellikle anlaþýlabilirlikle olan iliþkisi düþünüldüðünde, dinletilen kaydýn ses düzeyinin dinleyici tercihlerini etkilemesi öngörülmektedir. Dinleme testlerinde “dinleyiciye simülasyonlarda elde edilen düzeyde ses enerjisi verilmesi” konusuna gereken önemin verilmediði görülmektedir. Bu çalýþmanýn amacý bu eksikliði giderecek yöntemin ortaya konulmasýdýr. Bir örnek çalýþma üzerinden, kulaklýkla yapýlan dinleme testlerinde düzey kalibrasyonunun doðru bir þekilde yapýlabilmesine yönelik yöntemin paylaþýlmasý amaçlanmýþtýr. Sunulan örnek çalýþmada, tasarlanan bir salona ait akustik simülasyona ait hesaplamalar kullanýlmýþtýr. Dinleme testlerinde kullanýlmak üzere kurulan sistem konfigürasyonuna ait kulaklýk çýkýþýnda, hesaplanan ses düzeyinde ses enerjisi çýkýþýný saðlamak için “head and torso” (baþ ve göðüs) simülatörü kullanýlarak ses düzeyi ölçümleri gerçekleþtirilmiþtir. Böylelikle, modellemede sunumda kullanýlmak üzere belirlenen, sisteme ait düzey ayarlarý sabitlenebilmiþtir. Yapýlan bu düzey kalibrasyonuyla, dinleme testlerinde akustik simülasyon koþullarýnýn bire bir dinleyiciye aktarýlmasý saðlanacaktýr. Çalýþmanýn, kulaklýk sunumuyla gerçekleþtirilen dinleme testleri için örnek yaratarak doðru koþullarýn sunulmasý ve buna baðlý olarak doðru deðerlendirmelerin alýnmasýyla katký saðlamasý beklenmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Dinleme testi, kulaklýk sunumu; mimari akustik; ses düzey kalibrasyonu; ses düzeyi. Ezgi Türk Gürkan, Zerhan Yüksel Can. A Study on Sound Level Calibration for Listening Tests Performed with Headphones in Architectural Acoustics. Megaron. 2021; 16(2): 306-314 Corresponding Author: Ezgi Türk Gürkan, Türkiye	TOOLS Full Text PDF Print Download citation RIS EndNote BibTex Medlars Procite Reference Manager Share with email Share Send email to author Similar articles PubMed Google Scholar