Mixed-Income Housing Strategy in Urban Renewal Policies and Turkey-Specific Dynamics: Alt�ndag-Gultepe Case, Ankara

Bekta�, Yasin; T�rk�n, Asuman

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Mixed-Income Housing Strategy in Urban Renewal Policies and Turkey-Specific Dynamics: Alt�ndag-Gultepe Case, Ankara [Megaron]

Megaron. 2017; 12(2): 263-279 | DOI: 10.5505/megaron.2017.85570

Mixed-Income Housing Strategy in Urban Renewal Policies and Turkey-Specific Dynamics: Alt�ndag-Gultepe Case, Ankara

Yasin Bekta�, Asuman T�rk�n
Department of City And Regional Planning, Y�ld�z Technical University, �stanbul, Turkey

One of the important changes in both public housing areas and national urban renewal policies of North America and Western European countries in the 1990s is the �Mixed-Income Housing Strategy.� It is grounded on the assumption that problems of poverty will be solved more easily and society will function more efficiently if the society is mixed in terms of society and economy and if suitable spatial organization are made and necessary public services provided. The problems related to transformations only in physical terms have led to a more comprehensive and long-term approach in urban transformation considering parameters such as �sustainability, diversity and participation.� In Turkey, the current policy concerning particularly the housing areas of low-income groups constitutes demolishing the existing buildings and moving the titleholders to housing blocks built generally by Mass Housing Development Agency (TOK�) in the same area or on the periphery of the city. Apart from the titleholders from demolished areas, the new flats are sold to households with a range of income levels. Hence, outcomes similar to those emerging from mixed-housing areas in western countries can be observed in these areas. However, this situation does not stem from a decisive policy of minimizing the negative effects of poverty concentration but from a similarity in practice. In this article, the housing policies of both developed western countries and Turkey, especially after the 1980s, will be explored. Based on the doctoral thesis, a case study was created between 2012 and 2015 on Gultepe Squatter Renewal Area in Alt�ndag district, the first and most important squatter housing area of Ankara. Based on the findings of the case study, the social, economic, and spatial results of urban renewal practices in squatter housing areas as well as the contingent developments similar to mixed-income housing areas will be discussed.

Keywords: Squatter housing, mixed-income housing, urban regeneration, social interaction, social mix.

Kentsel D�n��mde Karma Gelirli Konut Stratejisi ve T�rkiye�ye �zg� Dinamikler: Ankara Alt�nda�-G�ltepe �rne�i

Yasin Bekta�, Asuman T�rk�n
Y�ld�z Teknik �niversitesi Mimarl�k Fak�ltesi, �ehir ve B�lge Planlama B�l�m�, �ehircilik Anabilim Dal�, �stanbul

1990�l� y�llarda, Kuzey Amerika ve Bat� Avrupa �lkelerinin sosyal konut ve kentsel yenileme politikalar�nda meydana gelen en �nemli de�i�ikliklerden biri �Karma Gelirli Konut� stratejisidir. Bu strateji, toplum ekonomik ve sosyal y�nden harmanland��nda, buna uygun mek�nlar �retildi�inde ve temel kamu hizmetleri sa�land��nda yoksullu�un daha kolay ��z�lece�i ve toplum fonksiyonlar�n�n daha iyi �al��aca�� varsay�m�na dayan�r. Kentsel d�n��m�n sadece fiziksel boyutta ele al�nmas�n�n yaratt�� sorunlar, kentsel yenileme politikalar�n�n �s�rd�r�lebilirlik, �e�itlilik ve yerel halk kat�l�m�� parametreleri �zerinden daha geni�-kapsaml� ve daha uzun soluklu bir s�re� olarak ele al�nmas�na yol a�m��t�r. T�rkiye�de ise 2000�li y�llarda �zellikle dar gelirli kesimlerin konut alanlar�na y�nelen kentsel d�n��m uygulamalar�nda, mevcut konutlar y�k�lmakta ve hak sahipleri kimi zaman ayn� alanda, kimi zaman da kentin �eperinde genellikle Toplu Konut �daresi (TOK�) taraf�ndan in�a edilen y�ksek katl� bloklara ta��nmakt�r. Bu alanlarda in�a edilen konutlara hem gecekondu alanlar�nda ya�ayan hak sahipleri hem de bu konutlar� sat�n alan farkl� gelir gruplar�na mensup ki�iler yerle�tirilmektedir. Bu uygulama, karma gelirli konut giri�imlerine benzer sonu�lar �retmektedir. Ancak bu durum, yoksullu�un yo�unla�mas�n�n k�t� etkilerini azaltmaya y�nelik bilin�li bir d�n��m stratejisinden �ok, uygulamada ortaya ��kan bir benzerlikten kaynaklanmaktad�r. Bu makalede, 1980�ler sonras�nda izlenen konut politikalar�n�n hem T�rkiye�de hem de geli�mi� �lkelerde ortaya ��kard�� yeni sorunlar ve ��z�m aray��lar� ele�tirel bir bak�� a��s�yla irdelenecektir. Doktora tezi kapsam�nda yap�lan bu �al��ma, T�rkiye�de gecekondu alanlar�ndaki d�n��m uygulamalar�n�n sosyo-mek�nsal etkilerini ve �olumsal� olarak ortaya ��kan �karma gelirli konut� benzeri geli�imleri, Ankara�n�n ilk ve en �nemli gecekondu geli�imlerinin g�r�ld�� Ankara-Alt�nda� Tepesi G�ltepe Mahallesi Kentsel D�n��m alan�nda yap�lan ara�t�rman�n sonu�lar�na dayanarak tart��may� hedeflemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Gecekondu, karma gelirli konut, kentsel d�n��m, sosyal etkile�im, sosyal y�nden karma.

Yasin Bekta�, Asuman T�rk�n. Mixed-Income Housing Strategy in Urban Renewal Policies and Turkey-Specific Dynamics: Alt�ndag-Gultepe Case, Ankara. Megaron. 2017; 12(2): 263-279

Corresponding Author: Yasin Bekta�, T�rkiye

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