19. Y�zyilda �stanbul�da �n�a Edilen Askeri Yapilarin Koruma Sorunlari

The renovations made at the Ottoman military organization which began at the beginning of the 18th century has influenced the modernization of the state and the society. After the abolition of the Janissary with other �Ocak�, several military buildings with various functions required for the new military organization were built. Several military buildings and or building groups such as 1 administrative building, 14 barracks, 11 schools, 12 hospitals, 17 police stations, 4 factories, 4 armories, 2 depots, 3 bakeries totaling 68 in number were built after 1826 in Istanbul, which was the center for the first army, reflect the westernized features that were different from that of the traditional Ottoman Architecture.
During the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century some legal regulations concerning restoration and preservation of the military buildings were made. However in spite of these regulations only 47 out of 68 remain today. After the second half of the 20th
century 44 military buildings have been registered as part of cultural heritage by the Council of Monuments. Through time, these buildings have faced several problems of preservation caused by issues related to ownership, function, user failures and natural disasters. Buildings, which require maintenance, repair and restoration according to the related regulations, lose several of their original features while they are restored.

Keywords: 19th century, Ottoman, military architecture, �stanbul, administrative building, barracks, school, hospital, police station, factory, armory, depot, bakery, kitchen, bath house.

19. Y�zyilda �stanbul�da �n�a Edilen Askeri Yapilarin Koruma Sorunlari

Aynur �ift�i, Nadide Se�kin
Y.t.�. Mimarl�k Fak�ltesi, �stanbul, T�rkiye

18. y�zy�ldan itibaren Osmanl� asker� te�kil�t�nda yap�lan yenilik ve d�zenlemeler, devletin ve toplumun modernle�mesini b�y�k �l��de etkilemi�; 1826 y�l�nda Yeni�eri Oca�� ile birlikte di�er ocaklar�n kald�r�lmas�ndan sonra yeni olu�turulan asker� kurumlar i�in farkl� i�levli bir�ok asker� yap� in�a edilmi�tir. I. Ordu merkezi olan �stanbul�da 1826 y�l�ndan sonra yap�ld�� tespit edilebilen 1 idar� yap�, 14 k��la, 11 okul, 12 hastahane, 17 karakol, 4 fabrika, 4 sil�hhane, 2 depo ve 3 f�r�n olmak �zere toplam 68 adet asker� yap�/yap� grubu geleneksel Osmanl� mimar�sinden ayr�lan �zellikleri ile Osmanl��n�n Bat��ya d�n�k y�z�n� yans�tm��lard�r.
19. y�zy�lda ve 20. y�zy�l ba��nda ger�ekle�tirilen baz� yasal d�zenlemelerle asker� yap�lar�n onar�mlar� ve korunmalar� konular�nda �e�itli kararlar al�nm��t�r. Ancak al�nan bu kararlara kar��n 68 asker� yap�/yap� grubundan 47 tanesi g�n�m�ze ula�m��, 21 tanesi ise g�n�m�ze ula�amam��t�r. 20. y�zy�l�n ilk yar�s�ndan sonra ilgili Koruma kurullar� taraf�ndan 44 asker� yap� korunmas� gerekli k�lt�r varl�� olarak tescil edilmi�tir. Bu �zg�n yap�lar zaman i�inde m�lkiyet, i�lev, kullan�c�lar�n m�dahaleleri ve do�al nedenlerden kaynaklanan �e�itli koruma sorunlar� ile kar�� kar��ya kalm��lard�r. �lgili kanun ve ilke kararlar� gere�ince bak�m, basit onar�m ve esasl� onar�m kapsam�nda korunmalar� gereken yap�lar i�in belgeleme ve uygulama evrelerinde olumlu müdahalelerin yan� s�ra yap�lar�n mimar� �zelliklerini dikkate almayan �al��malar�n da ger�ekle�tirildi�i g�r�lmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: 19. y�zy�l, Osmanl�, asker� mimar�, �stanbul, idar� yap�, k��la, okul, hastahane, karakol, fabrika, sil�hhane, depo, f�r�n, mutfak, hamam.

Aynur �ift�i, Nadide Se�kin. 19. Y�zyilda �stanbul�da �n�a Edilen Askeri Yapilarin Koruma Sorunlari. Megaron. 2005; 1(1): 51-66

Corresponding Author: Aynur �ift�i, T�rkiye

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