Soundscape and the Adaptation of Soundscape to Covered Spaces

Soundscape, as urban noise is termed, is essentially a qualitative approach which aims to discover ways to improve the �sonic environment�. A possible analogy can be assumed for the acoustic quality of some types of covered spaces which have a function similar to urban spaces. Furthermore, it can be proposed that such covered spaces may have a specific, distinct and recognizable sound environment - hence, a �soundscape� occurs which is created both by the architecture and the sound sources. This study takes a further step in suggesting that the acoustic comfort or sound quality of these spaces cannot be sufficiently dealt with via noise parameters. This paper aims to show the possibility of evaluating the acoustical quality of covered spaces, such as shopping centers, through soundscape studies. The formation of streets is the basic spatial design concept that connects open and closed shopping areas. For this reason the researchers chose to study a modern and an historical shopping center and a modern and a traditional street, both of which have shopping as a basic function, The soundscapes of these open and closed shopping areas were determined by soundwalks and listening tests. The objective and subjective findings of this study showed that covered shopping areas have a specific soundscape that can be evaluated by the soundwalk method regardless of whether the environment is open or covered.

Keywords: Soundscape; urban acoustic comfort; acoustic comfort in covered spaces.

��itsel Peyzaj Kavram� ve Kapal� Mekanlar�n Akustik Konfor De�erlendirmesinde Kullan�labilirli�i

Asl� �Z�EV�K¹, Zerhan Y�ksel CAN¹
Y�ld�z Teknik �niversitesi, Mimarl�k Fak�ltesi, Yap� Fizi�i Bilim Dal�, �stanbul Y�ld�z Teknik �niversitesi, Mimarl�k Fak�ltesi, Yap� Fizi�i Bilim Dal�, �stanbul

��itsel peyzaj (soundscape), birden fazla ses kayna�� ve �evresel etkile�im sonucunda olu�an i�itsel ortam�n, olumlu ya da olumsuz yarg�lardan ba��ms�z olarak saptanmas� �eklinde tan�mlanabilir. ��itsel peyzaj kavram�, g�r�lt�den kaynaklanan rahats�zl��n yan� s�ra incelenen alana �zg� farkl� seslerin toplam etkisini de�erlendirmektedir. E�de�er g�r�lt� d�zeyi kavram� ile onunla birlikte kullan�lacak, belki de zaman i�inde onun yerini alacak i�itsel peyzaj kavram� aras�ndaki en b�y�k fark ses ortam�n�n de�erlendirilmesindeki hedef yakla��mlar�d�r. E�de�er g�r�lt� d�zeyi kavram�, bir alandaki t�m ses ve g�r�lt�leri toplamsal olarak dikkate al�r ve olumsuzla�t�r�r. Buna kar��n i�itsel peyzaj, belli bir b�lgeye �zg� ay�rt edilebilir ses (�rne�in ezan sesi) ve arka plan g�r�lt�lerinin (�rne�in �stanbul�da deniz ta��tlar�n�n ses ve g�r�lt�leri) i�itsel alg�lama �zerinde olumlu da olabilecek etkilerini ortaya koymay�, b�ylelikle de iyile�tirmeyi / korumay�, alana �zg�n duruma getirmeyi hedefler. Son y�llarda, kentsel akustik konforun sadece fiziksel de�erler �zerine de�il psikolojik, fizyolojik ve toplumsal g�r��lerin de g�z �n�nde bulunduruldu�u i�itsel peyzaj kavram� �zerine kurgulanmas�na y�nelik pek �ok �al��ma yap�lmakta ve bu �al��malar�n �zellikle kentsel a��k alanlar �zerine yo�unla�t�� g�r�lmektedir. Bu �al��mada, �ncelikle i�itsel peyzaj kavram� k�saca a��klanm��, ard�ndan i�itsel peyzaj kavram�n�n, kentsel alanlarda oldu�u gibi insanlar�n belirli zaman aral�klar�nda bir araya geldikleri al��veri� merkezleri benzeri kapal� mek�nlar�n akustik konfor de�erlendirmelerinde kullan�labilirli�i ile ilgili yap�lan bir ara�t�rman�n bulgular� verilmi�tir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: ��itsel peyzaj; kentsel akustik konfor; kapal� mek�nlarda akustik konfor.

Asl� �Z�EV�K, Zerhan Y�ksel CAN. Soundscape and the Adaptation of Soundscape to Covered Spaces. Megaron. 2011; 6(1): 52-59

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