Geometry in Umayyad and Abbasid Art

Ornaments and decorations were essential in the architectural design of the ninth century, the early Islamic period. Umayyad and Abbasid ornamentation, which was the basis of the decorative elements used by later Islamic states, developed from the 7th century to the 10th century. Early Islamic art and architecture developed in the Umayyad period, then was further enriched during the Abbasid period, which saw an increase in the Turkish influence. Byzantine, Sasanian, Arab, and Turkish cultures contributed to foundational patterns of Islamic decorative elements. The new style was characterized by geometric patterns, in which the circle is essential. The six or eight-pointed star that is often the first image to come to mind when we think of Islamic art and architecture, is derived from interconnected squares, hexagons, and octagons that begin with a circle. These themes are also easily portrayed in construction. This article is a geometric analysis of motifs derived from the circle.

Keywords: Abbasid, Umayyad, geometrical pattern, art of Islam.

Emevi ve Abbasi Sanat�nda Geometri

Selim K�l��o�lu, Nuran Kara Pilehvarian
Y�ld�z Teknik �niversitesi, Mimarl�k Fak�ltesi, Mimarl�k Tarihi Anabilim Dal�, �stanbul

Mimarinin vazge�ilmez unsurlar�ndan biri s�sleme ve dekoratif elemanlard�r. Bu alandaki kaynaklarda �Erken �slam D�nemi� olarak adland�r�lan 9. y�zy�la kadar olan s�re�te daha sonraki �slam devletlerinin s�slemelerine temel olu�turan Emevi ve Abbasi s�sleme anlay�� 7. y�zy�ldan 10. y�zy�la kadar geli�im g�stermi�tir. Bu y�zy�llar aras�nda olu�an Erken �slam s�slemelerinde hakim olunan co�rafyada �slamiyet �ncesi uygarl�klar�n s�sleme teknikleri ve motifleri de kullanm��t�r. B�ylece olu�an yeni sentez Emeviler D�nemi�nde ba�lay�p, Abbasi Devleti d�neminde �zellikle Orta Asya�dan askeri g�� olarak gelen T�rk n�fusunun artmas� ile yeni k�lt�r ve sanat etkileriyle �ekillenmi�tir. Bir ba�ka de�i�le Do�u Roma, Sasani, Arap, T�rk k�lt�r ve sanatlar�n�n etkileriyle Erken �slam yap�lar�n�n s�sleme programlar� olu�mu�tur. Bu sentez sanat i�erisinde geometrik s�sleme anlay�� s�kl�kla kullan�lm��t�r. T�m bu s�sleme programlar�n�n temel formu dairedir. �slam Sanat ve Mimarisi dendi�inde akla gelen sekiz ve alt� kollu y�ld�zlar, birbiri i�erisine ge�mi� kareler, alt�gen ve sekizgenlerin hepsi daireden t�retilmi�tir. Makale kapsam�nda �antiyede uygulama kolayl�� da getiren, daireden t�retilmi� bu motiflerin geometrik ��z�mleri yap�lm��t�r.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Abbasi, Emevi, geometrik bezeme, �slam sanat�.

Selim K�l��o�lu, Nuran Kara Pilehvarian. Geometry in Umayyad and Abbasid Art. Megaron. 2017; 12(4): 605-618

Corresponding Author: Selim K�l��o�lu, T�rkiye

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