Restructuring the Organised Industrial Zones as the Instruments for Development

Turkey�s organized industrial zones serve to balance regional development equally by directing private sector investments to specific regions or by providing monetary or physical incentives to augment existing investment incentives. They also cover the land requirements of developing industries, organize related industries so that they can manufacture together within the framework of a specific program, and consequently generate an external economy. Another aim of organized industrial zones is to aid national development by incentivizing underdeveloped regions and drawing industrial investments to these regions toward regional equality.

Organized industrial zones are the outcomes of an organized, orderly and planned approach. They provide locational configuration and also serve as vehicles for development. These zones are efficient in directing industry to less developed regions, and, in regions with development potential, serve to activate this potential. Accordingly, they are efficient means of achieving orderly, planned urban development.

Turkey�s first organized industrial zone began operating in 1962 and to date, nearly 280 organized industrial zones have been established. Direction of industry to underdeveloped regions is a goal on one hand, while on the other, the decision has been made to establish several organized industry zones in developed regions as well. From the perspective of Turkey, it can be said that the difference between underdeveloped regions and developed regions has increased in favor of the developed regions.

In order for the economic benefits they provide to also make a positive impact on city planning, decisions regarding the organized industrial zones must be made on the national and regional levels. Principles such as providing regional equality, preventing unequal development in the country and the internal provision of technical and social infrastructure brought about poor investments through the use of slogans such as �An Organized Industrial Zone for Each Province.� Consequently, today there are many stagnant organized industrial zones. They are unable to provide the expected industrial development and have a low occupancy rate.

In sum, organized industrial zones play an important role in organizing the relationship between urbanization and industrialization. They enable the inspection of the negative effects of industrial organizations on the environment and allow organizations to manufacture easily and cheaply in areas where they are all located together and benefit properly from infrastructural services. Thus, they give developing industries the chance to encounter ample opportunity. Yet the right decisions on site selection must be made so that the organized industry zones can provide these expected opportunities.

This declaration aims to determine the current situation of organized industrial zones (e.g., the number of organized industrial zones per province, their occupancy rates and business segments) and evaluate their outcomes. Firstly, the appropriateness of the role that organized industrial zones, planned as vehicles for development, can play during the shift from realty-based growth to a production economy will be discussed. Then the discussion will be opened up to how this should occur (production type, site selection criteria, legal and institutional structuring, etc.).

Keywords: organized industrial zones, regional development, site selection criteria

Kalk�nma Arac� Olarak Organize Sanayi B�lgelerini Yeniden Kurgulamak

Elif �rnek �zden
Y�ld�z Teknik �niversitesi Mimarl�k Fak�ltesi, �ehir ve B�lge Planlama B�l�m�,

emizde organize sanayi b�lgeleri, geli�melerin b�lgeler a��s�ndan dengeli olmas� bak�m�ndan �zel sekt�r yat�r�mlar�n�n belirli y�relere y�nlendirilmesi veya mevcut yat�r�mlar�n desteklenerek te�vik edilmesi i�in parasal ve fiziksel te�viklerin verilmesi arac� oldu�u gibi ayn� zamanda da, geli�mekte olan sanayilerin arazi gereksinmelerinin kar��lanmas�, birbirleri ile ili�kisi olan sanayilerin belirli bir program �er�evesinde bir arada �retim yapmalar�na olanak sa�lanacak �ekilde �rg�tlenmesi ve bunun sonucunda d��sal ekonomiler yarat�lmas� yoluyla da yararlar sa�lamaktad�r. Organize sanayi b�lgeleriyle hedeflenen ama�lardan biri b�lgesel dengesizlikler yaratmadan geri kalm�� b�lgeleri te�vik ederek sanayi yat�r�mlar�n� bu b�lgelere �ekmek, �lke kalk�nmas�n� sa�lamakt�r.
Organize sanayi b�lgeleri �rg�tl�, d�zenli ve planl� bir yakla��m�n �r�nleridir; bir mek�n d�zenleme arac� oldu�u gibi, ayn� zamanda bir geli�me arac�d�r. Sanayinin azgeli�mi� b�lgelere y�nlendirilmesi ya da geli�me potansiyeli ta��yan b�lgelerde bu potansiyelin aktive edilmesi gibi hedeflere ula�mak i�in Organize Sanayi B�lgelerinden yararlan�lmaktad�r. Bu do�rultuda d�zenli ve planl� kentsel geli�meyi sa�lamak ad�na kullan�labilecek �nemli bir ara�t�r.
�lkemizde ilk organize sanayi b�lgesinin faaliyete ge�ti�i 1962 y�l�ndan bu yana 280�e yak�n organize sanayi b�lgesi kurulmu�tur. �lkemiz a��s�ndan bak�ld��nda; bir yandan azgeli�mi� b�lgelere sanayinin y�nlendirilmesi hedeflenirken �te yandan geli�mi� b�lgeler i�in �ok say�da organize sanayi b�lgesi karar� verilerek geli�mi� b�lgeler ile az geli�mi� b�lgeler aras�ndaki fark�n geli�mi� b�lgeler lehine b�y�mesi te�vik edilmi�tir demek yanl�� olmaz.
Ekonomiye sa�lad�klar� bu �nemli yararlar�n kent planlama a��s�ndan da olumlu olabilmesinin ko�ulu organize sanayi b�lgeleri ile ilgili kararlar�n �lke ve b�lge �l�e�inde al�nmas�d�r. B�lgesel e�itsizliklerin giderilmesi, �lke i�inde e�itsiz b�y�menin �nlenmesi, uzun d�nemli ekonomik etkinli�in sa�lanmas�, teknik ve sosyal altyap� hizmetlerinin kendi i�inde kar��lanmas� gibi ilkeler g�n�m�zde �her ile Organize Sanayi B�lgesi� sloganlar� ile yanl�� yat�r�mlar� getirmi� ve bug�n at�l durumda olan ve beklenen end�striyel geli�imi sa�layamayan doluluk oranlar� �ok d��k organize sanayi b�lgelerinin olu�mas�n� getirmi�tir.
K�saca, kentle�me ve sanayile�me ili�kilerini d�zenlemek bak�m�ndan �nemli olan organize sanayi b�lgeleri, sanayi i�letmelerinin �evrede yarataca�� olumsuz etkileri denetleyebilmeyi, i�letmelerin topluca yer ald�klar� alanlarda daha kolay ve ucuz olarak �retim yapmalar�n� ve uygun ko�ullarda altyap� hizmetlerinden yararlanmalar�n� sa�layarak; geli�en sanayilerin geni� olanaklara kavu�turulmalar�na olanak tan�rlar. Ancak organize sanayi b�lgelerinin beklenen bu faydalar� sa�layabilmeleri i�in do�ru yerse�im kararlar�n�n getirilmesi gerekmektedir.
Bu makalede �lkemizdeki organize sanayilerin mevcut durum saptamas�n� yaparak (her ilde ka�ta organize sanayi b�lgesi oldu�u, doluk oranlar�, faaliyet alanlar�� gibi) bir de�erlendirmeye gidilecek ve kalk�nman�n bir arac� olarak planlanan organize sanayi b�lgelerinin; gayrimenkul odakl� bir b�y�meden �retim ekonomisine ge�i�i s�recinde �stelenebilece�i role uygunlu�u tart��ld�ktan sonra nas�l olmas� gerekti�i (�retim t�r�, yerse�im kriterleri, yasal ve kurumsal yap�lanma�) �zerine de tart��malar a��lacakt�r.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Organize Sanayi B�lgeleri, B�lgesel Kalk�nma, Yerse�im Kriterleri,

Elif �rnek �zden. Restructuring the Organised Industrial Zones as the Instruments for Development. Megaron. 2016; 11(1): 106-124

Corresponding Author: Elif �rnek �zden, T�rkiye

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