Token Phenomenon in Participatory Architectural Design and Sulukule Urban Transformation as a Tokenism Example

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Token Phenomenon in Participatory Architectural Design and Sulukule Urban Transformation as a Tokenism Example [Megaron]

Megaron. 2018; 13(3): 347-362 | DOI: 10.5505/megaron.2018.26594

Token Phenomenon in Participatory Architectural Design and Sulukule Urban Transformation as a Tokenism Example

Baharak Fareghi Bavilolyaei, Selim �kem
Department of Architecture, Y�ld�z Technical University Faculty of Architecture, �stanbul, Turkey

The �participation� approach within architectural design is assessed under a wide conceptual frame and known as a title generally confirmed and rately criticised. This paper discusses how the concept of participation may be used as a means of legitimization by the power holders instead of being favoured as a tool for democratic and transparent policy formation in the decision-making processes. The use of participation, which is a subject of research in sociology studies, but as a means of legitimization has been explained by Kanter (1977, 1993) through the concept of �token�. The concept �token� is identified throughout this text as a misleading symbol value whereas the �tokenism� as a method is referred to as alleged participation. The tokenisim (i.e. alleged participation) is a subject not limited only with sociology whereas it may be spotted in architectural projects; thus, this document examines the Sulukule urban transformation process to exemplify this kind of participation. The study analyzes the theoretical claims of Arnstein, Lefebvre and Kanter with regard to the participation and accordingly the wording attempts to identify the general characteristics of tokenism cases in architectural projects which target user participation however include the intentions of power holders as accompanied by token impacts.

Keywords: Pluralism, popularism, participatory architectural design; tokenism; token.

Kat�l�mc� Mimari Tasar�mda Yan�lt�c� Simge De�er Olgusu ve Bir S�zde Kat�l�mc�l�k �rne�i Olarak Sulukule Kentsel D�n��m�

Baharak Fareghi Bavilolyaei, Selim �kem
Y�ld�z Teknik �niversitesi Mimarl�k Fak�ltesi, Mimarl�k Ana Bilim Dal�, �stanbul

Mimari tasar�mda �kat�l�m�, geni� bir kavramsal �er�eve i�inde de�erlendirilir ve genelde olumlanan, nadiren ele�tirilen bir konu ba�l��n� olu�turur. Bu metin kapsam�nda kat�l�m�n, karar alma s�re�lerinde demokratik ve �effaf bir politik a��l�m getirmek yerine, g�c� elinde tutan taraf�ndan me�rula�t�rma arac� olarak nas�l kullanabilece�i tart��lmaktad�r. Kanter (1977, 1993), toplumbilim ara�t�rmalar�na konu olan kat�l�m�n bir me�rula�t�rma arac� haline getirili�ini �token� kavram� ile a��klamaktad�r. �Token� kavram� metin i�erisinde a��kland�� ekilde yan�lt�c� simge de�er ve bir y�ntem olarak �Tokenism� ise s�zde kat�l�mc�l�k olarak tan�mlanm��t�r. S�zde kat�l�mc�l�k sadece toplumbilim alan� ile s�n�rl� kalmay�p, mimari projelerde de g�zlemlenmektedir ve bu t�r kat�l�m� �rneklemek i�in Sulukule kentsel d�n��m s�reci incelenmi�tir. Arnstein, Lefebvre ve Kanter �in kat�l�m konusundaki kuramsal s�ylemleri incelenerek, muktedir, yan�lt�c� simge de�er (Token) ve kullan�c� kat�l�m�n�n hedefledi�i mimari projelerdeki s�zde kat�l�mc�l�k (Tokenism) vakalar�n�n genel �zelliklerinin neler oldu�u, metnin i�eri�inde ortaya konmaya �al��lm��t�r.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Co�ulculuk, �o�unluk�uluk; kat�l�mc� mimari tasar�m; s�zde kat�l�mc�l�k; yan�lt�c� simge de�er.

Baharak Fareghi Bavilolyaei, Selim �kem. Token Phenomenon in Participatory Architectural Design and Sulukule Urban Transformation as a Tokenism Example. Megaron. 2018; 13(3): 347-362

Corresponding Author: Baharak Fareghi Bavilolyaei, T�rkiye

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