K���ksu Kasr��n�n �n�aat Bedelindeki Anla�mazl�k:  Rus Konstantin Kalfa�n�n Alacaklar�

�enyurt, Oya

Cilt : 18 Say�: 1 Y�l : 2023

Son Say� Yay�mlanm�� Makaleler Pop�ler Makaleler Bask�daki Makaleler

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K��ksu Kasr��n�n �n�aat Bedelindeki Anla�mazl�k: Rus Konstantin Kalfa�n�n Alacaklar� [Megaron]

Megaron. 2008; 3(3): 330-343

K��ksu Kasr��n�n �n�aat Bedelindeki Anla�mazl�k: Rus Konstantin Kalfa�n�n Alacaklar�

Oya �enyurt
Kocaeli �niversitesi Mimarl�k Ve Tasar�m Fak�ltesi Mimarl�k B�l�m� Mimarl�k Tarihi Anabilim Dal� An�tpark Yerle�kesi 41300 �zmit/kocaeli

Ondokuzuncu y�zy�l�n ortalar�ndan itibaren yabanc� mimar ve m�hendislerin Osmanl� �mparatorlu�u�nun ba�kentinde faaliyet g�sterdikleri bilinmektedir. Ancak, en az onlar kadar �nemli olan yabanc� kalfalar�n isimleri bug�n kapsaml� bir ara�t�rman�n konusu olmam��t�r. �simlerinin ve faaliyetlerinin yeterli derecede bilinmemesi onlar�n devletle olan ba�lant�lar�n� kurmam�z� da g��le�tirmektedir. Yabanc� mimarlar i�in bu ba�lant�y� kurmak daha kolay olmaktad�r. Yabanc� mimarlar�n devletle yapt�klar� i� s�zle�meleri kay�tl� olmas�na ve bu s�zle�melerin onlar�n genel �al��ma ko�ullar�n� tarif etmesine ra�men, kalfalar�n par�a ba�� i�lere g�re �cret almalar�, g�t�r� usul� i� yapmalar� ve her in�aat i�inin farkl� �rg�tlenmesi yabanc� kalfalar ve devletin ili�kilerinde i�e g�re de�i�en baz� durumlar� ortaya ��karmaktayd�. Bunun �tesinde yetkin bir finans ve hukuk sisteminin kurulmamas� yabanc� kalfalar�n in�aat i�lerinden do�an devletle olan anla�mazl�klar�nda uluslararas� krize sebep olabilmekteydi. Bu durum ayn� zamanda bir in�aat alaca�� konusunda bir ka� farkl� karar�n al�nmas�na, davalar�n uzamas�na ve keyfi karar verilmesine yol a�an pek �ok ciddi sorunu da beraberinde getirmekteydi. Di�er bir deyi�le, hak ve sorumluluklarla s�n�rlar� �izilmeyen ve her in�aat i�ine g�re de�i�en kalfa-devlet pozisyonu �ara kadrolar�n� da devreye girmesiyle olaylar� daha karma��k bir noktaya s�r�klemekteydi. Bu makalede, Abd�laziz d�neminde K��ksu Kasr��n�n kapsaml� tamirat�n� ger�ekle�tiren Rus Konstantin Kalfa�n�n devletle olan alacak davas�ndaki s�re�, s�z konusu olan bak�� a��lar�yla ele al�nm��t�r. D�nemin di�er kalfalar� gibi, in�aat i�lerini finanse etmek i�in banker M�sy� Lorando�ya bor�lanan Konstantin Kalfa�n�n, devletin in�aat borcunu �dememesi sebebiyle bankere olan borcunun �st�ne binen faiz y�k� y�z�nden Rusya�daki mal�n�n m�lk�n�n sat�lmas�na St. Petersbourg senatosu taraf�ndan karar verilmi�tir. Rus Konstantin Kalfa, sarraf, banker gibi �ara kadrolar�� devreye sokarak r��vetle i�ini ��z�mlemek i�in �e�itli yollara ba�vurmu�tur. B�rokrat-kalfa ve ikisinin aras�nda k�pr� vazifesi g�ren �ara kadrolar��n hem etnik k�ken hem de ��kar ili�kileri ba�lam�nda de�i�kenlik g�steren konumlar� ve stat�leri dikkat �ekicidir. Osmanl�-Rus Sava��n�n patlak vermesiyle Rus Konstantin Kalfa�n�n devletle in�aat alacaklar�ndan kaynaklanan davas� uluslararas� bir boyut kazanarak ��z�ms�zl��e s�r�klenmi� ve alacak davas� otuz sene �denmeyen bor� y�z�nden o�lu taraf�ndan s�rd�r�lm��t�r.

Anahtar Kelimeler: On dokuzuncu Y�zy�l �n�aat �rg�tlenmesinde Yabanc�lar, Kalfa, Sarraf-banker, M�teahhitlik, Gayr�m�slimler.

The Dispute In The Construction Cost Of K��ksu Summer Palace: Money Owed To The Russian Master Builder Konstantin

Oya �enyurt
Kocaeli �niversitesi Mimarl�k Ve Tasar�m Fak�ltesi Mimarl�k B�l�m� Mimarl�k Tarihi Anabilim Dal� An�tpark Yerle�kesi 41300 �zmit/kocaeli

It is known that foreign architects and engineers have worked in the capital city of the Ottoman Empire as from the mid nineteenth century. Names of foreign master builders, however, at least as important as these architects and engineers, have not been made a subject of any comprehensive research. We face difficulties in establishing their relations with the State because of inadequate information regarding their names and activities. Such relations are easier to establish for foreign architects. Work contracts between foreign architects and the State were recorded and included a description of their general working conditions. The status, however, varied in the relations of foreign master builders and the State on the basis of work type because master builders were paid on piecework, work was performed on a lump sum basis, and each construction work was organized differently. Furthermore, the lack of an effective finance and law system could cause international crisis in the disputes between foreign master builders and the State arising out of the monies owed to the former by the latter. This situation brought about extremely serious problems including more than one decision with respect to a construction claim, time consuming court actions and arbitrary court decisions. In other words, the master builder � State position which was not defined under rights and responsibilities, and varied with every construction work, instigated a more confused state of affairs with the added involvement of �intermediate staff� too.
In this article, the action of debt filed against the State by the Russian Master Builder Konstantin, who realized a comprehensive repair of the K��ksu Summer Palace in the reign of Abd�laziz, is discussed with these perspectives. Like the other master builders of the period, Master Builder Konstantin borrowed money from M�sy� Lorando, a banker, in order to finance the construction work. The State, however, did not pay the money owed to Konstantin, whose properties in Russia were sold with the decision of the St. Petersburg Senate because of the interest which accrued on the loan he borrowed from the banker. The Russian Master Builder Konstantin tried various means to solve his problem through bribery with the mediation of �intermediate staff� like money changers and bankers. Positions and statuses of bureaucrat-master builder and the �intermediate staff� functioning as a bridge between the two, which varied according to both ethnicity and advantage relations is interesting to note. With the declaration of the Ottoman � Russian War, the debt action for the construction claims of the Russian Master Builder Konstantin gained an international dimension and was not solved. The action was continued by Konstantin�s son for the State�s debt which remained unpaid for thirty years.

Keywords: Foreigners in the Nineteenth Century Construction Organization, Master Builder, Money Changer � banker, Contract work, Non-Moslems.

Oya �enyurt. The Dispute In The Construction Cost Of K��ksu Summer Palace: Money Owed To The Russian Master Builder Konstantin. Megaron. 2008; 3(3): 330-343

Sorumlu Yazar: Oya �enyurt, T�rkiye

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