K�lt�rel miras y�netimi �zerine kavramsal ve y�ntemsel bir ara�t�rma

Koruma alan�nda yakla��k bir as�r boyunca edinilen deneyimler, b�t�nle�ik bir koruma s�recinin be� y�netim mekanizmas�n�n olu�turulmas�yla ger�ekle�ebilece�ini ortaya koymu�tur. Bu ba�lamda k�lt�rel miras y�netimi yakla��m�n�, tarihsel �evre koruman�n t�m a�amalar�n� bir y�netim s�reci i�erisinde y�r�tme ve ya�ama ge�irmenin en b�t�nle�ik yolu olarak g�rmek olanakl�d�r. �al��ma kapsam�nda �k�lt�rel miras y�netimi� �zerine kavramsal ve y�ntemsel bir ara�t�rma ger�ekle�tirilerek, yakla��m�n s�re�sel geli�imi, kat�l�mc�lar�, uygulamas�nda kar��la��lan sorun alanlar� ile y�ntem ve ara�lar� incelenmi�tir. Bu �er�evede literat�r ara�t�rmas� ger�ekle�tirilerek yakla��m kavramsal ve y�ntemsel a��lardan de�erlendirilmi�tir. Ara�t�rma k�lt�rel miras y�netimi yakla��m�n�n geli�imiyle birlikte koruma alan�n�n teknik pratikten ya�am kalitesi ile ilgili tart��malara do�ru y�neldi�ini ortaya koymaktad�r. K�lt�rel miras y�netimini koruma eyleminin en toplumsal ve kamusal bi�imi olarak g�rmek olanakl�d�r. K�lt�rel miras y�netiminin ba�ar�ya ula��labilmesi i�in, uzmanl�klar ve disiplinler aras� yakla��mlarla, ortak hareket edilmesinin �ok �nemli oldu�u anla��lmaktad�r. Uygulanacak y�ntemlerin belirlenmesinde ise koruma ilkelerinin �ncelikli oldu�u ayr�ca, alana �zg� ara�t�rma ve analiz modelleri, b�t�e, uygulanabilirlik ve etkinlik parametrelerinin belirleyici olduklar� ifade edilebilecektir. Ara�t�rma kapsam�nda k�lt�rel miras�n y�netimi s�re�lerine ili�kin olarak dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlar�n �lkemizde yeni yeni geli�en uygulamalar a��s�ndan yol g�sterici olmas� hedeflenerek, bu y�nde yakla��msal ve y�ntemsel gereklilikler ortaya konulmak istenmi�tir. K�lt�rel miras y�netiminin yaln�zca UNESCO D�nya Miras� Listesi�ne giren alanlar i�in de�il, t�m tarihsel ve k�lt�rel miras koruma s�re�lerinde uygulanmas� gereken bir yakla��m oldu�u ve mevzuat�m�zda yakla��m�n uygulanmas�na y�nelik d�zenlemelere yer verilmesi konusunda gereksinim a��klanmaya �al��lm��t�r. �nceleme sonucunda k�lt�rel miras y�netiminin; tarih biliminin do�as�ndan ya da ekonomik ve politik sorunlardan kaynaklanan birtak�m a�mazlara sahip olsa da b�t�nle�ik koruma s�re�lerini bilimsel, kapsaml� ve kat�l�mc� modellerle planlamaya ve y�r�tmeye �al��an en �a�da� yakla��m oldu�u ve �lkemizde daha yayg�n olarak uygulanmas�na y�nelik yasal ve y�netsel d�zenlemelerin ger�ekle�tirilmesine ihtiya� bulundu�u sonucuna ula��lm��t�r.

Anahtar Kelimeler: B�t�nle�ik koruma, kavram, k�lt�rel miras y�netimi, s�re�, y�ntem

Cultural heritage management: What it aims, what kind of conservation process it defines?

Ay�eg�l ALTIN�RS �IRAK
Dokuz Eyl�l University Faculty of Architecture, Department of City and Regional Planning, �zmir, Turkey

The scope of this study encloses conceptual and methodological research on the cultural heritage management approach through examining the participants, problem areas in the implementation process, methods, and tools. The paper is based on a literature review on the cultural management approach by focusing substantially on the approach�s historical and conceptual backgrounds and methods. The research reveals that with the development of the cultural heritage management approach, the conservation concept has shifted from technical practice to a factor that increases the quality of life. Therefore, it is possible to perceive cultural heritage management as the most social and public form of conservation action. Cultural heritage management is an integrated conservation approach based on a management mechanism. The conservation efforts evolved from building-scale approaches to urban-scale and integrated conservation approaches. Besides, currently, the concept of conservation has gained more social content. Today, the conservation approach is accepted as an effort with both technical and social dimensions. To be evaluated together with those different dimensions in the conservation studies, there is a need to establish an integrated approach supported by a management function. It can be stated that almost a century of experience in the field of conservation has revealed that an integrated conservation process can only be achieved by establishing a management mechanism. There has been an increasing public awareness of cultural assets around the world (Smith, 1999). Recently, the questions such as; �Who do the cultural assets belong to? Who is responsible for their protection and management? How and for what purpose, the degree of protection and use are determined?� arise. The cultural heritage management approach is developed to answer all these inquiries from an interdisciplinary and comprehensive perspective. The approach is based on the international principles of conservation and the concept of the public good. As a result of the literature research, the main factors that have caused the formation of the cultural heritage management approach can be summarised as follows:
� The conceptual changes in conservation science under the criticisms of postmodernism,
� The need for developing new administrative tools to control the neoliberal capital demands on the historical sites,
� The need for new approaches that can protect the natural environment and as well as the built environment,
� The need for the management of the property ownerships and bureaucratic processes through participatory conservation practices,
� The need for an overlying framework that covers different stages of the conservation process together, such as financing, planning, implementation and monitoring,
� The need for a scientific time-cost planning schema to attract the investments of the states to the conservation studies.
Besides, one of the outstanding factors in enacting the cultural heritage management approach is to conduct an integrated conservation process through a mutual social and democratic action. Furthermore, the experiences show that constituting interdisciplinary and participatory approaches is crucial for the success of cultural heritage management. The cultural heritage experts research the new methods such as documenting, material collections, archives and conservation techniques. In order to determine which methods to be applied, prioritisation should be given not only to the field-specific research and analysis models, budget, applicability and efficiency parameters but also to the conservation principles. Sustainable budget management and the determination of the process participants are the essential elements in the approach. Another main stage of the process is to create a scientific guide that can be used in the documentation, planning, implementation and control stages. This guide should be adapted for each project in accordance with the specific characteristics of the historical and archaeological sites. As mentioned above, this research aims to produce a guide in terms of new developing practices in Turkey. In this sense, the conceptual and methodological requirements are presented in the study. As a result of the research, although cultural heritage management has some dilemmas arising from the nature of historical science or economic and political problems, it is still the most modern approach that plans and carries out integrated conservation processes with scientific, comprehensive and participatory models. Furthermore, there is a need for more widespread implementation of cultural heritage management in Turkey. Additionally, it is crucial to underline that cultural heritage management is not only an approach that should be applied on the sites of the UNESCO World Heritage List but also should be embraced for all other historical and cultural heritage conservation sites in Turkey.

Keywords: Integrated conservation. process, cultural heritage management, concept, method

Ay�eg�l ALTIN�RS �IRAK. Cultural heritage management: What it aims, what kind of conservation process it defines?. Megaron. 2022; 17(1): 183-194

Sorumlu Yazar: Ay�eg�l ALTIN�RS �IRAK, T�rkiye

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