Hibrit yenilenebilir enerji potansiyelinin mek�nsal analizi i̇�in y�ntem �nerisi

Cilt : 17 Say�: 4 Y�l : 2022

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Hibrit yenilenebilir enerji potansiyelinin mek�nsal analizi i̇�in y�ntem �nerisi [Megaron]

Megaron. 2022; 17(3): 511-525 | DOI: 10.14744/megaron.2022.26097

Hibrit yenilenebilir enerji potansiyelinin mek�nsal analizi i̇�in y�ntem �nerisi

Ahmet �ekero�lu¹, Demet Erol²
¹Amasya �niversitesi Mimarl�k Fakültesi, �ehir ve B�lge Planlama B�lümü, Amasya, Türkiye
²Gazi �niversitesi Mimarl�k Fakültesi �ehir ve B�lge Planlama B�lümü, Ankara, Türkiye

Son y�llarda ülkelerin politikalar� yenilenebilir enerji üretimine yo�unla�sa da dünya genelinde fosil yak�tlara ba��ml�l�k oran� olduk�a yüksektir. Yenilenebilir enerjiye artan ilgi, beraberinde ülkelerin yenilik�i enerji politikalar�n� �e�itlendirmi�tir. Tek bir yenilenebilir enerji kayna��na ba�l� üretim, toplam enerji talebi kar��s�nda yetersiz kalmaktad�r. Yenilenebilir kaynaklar�n ikili veya daha fazla kullan�m�n� i�eren hibrit sistemler birden fazla enerji sistemini bir araya getirerek, b�lgedeki enerji talebini kar��lamakta ve ülkelerin enerji stratejisi i�in umut verici olmaktad�r. Ara�t�rma yenilenebilir enerjiye y�nelimin artmas� gerekti�i ve verimin süreklili�i a��s�ndan hibrit enerji sistemlerinin gereklili�ini savunmaktad�r. Güne� enerji santrali ve rüzgar enerji santrali ana kaynaklar�, de�i�ken ve kesikli olabilmektedir. Enerjinin sürdürülebilir olmas� a��s�ndan sürekli üretimin oldu�u biyokütle enerji santralleri ile hibrit bir �ekilde entegre edilmesi elektrik üretiminin süreklili�i a��s�ndan �nemli bir alternatiftir. Ara�t�rman�n amac� Türkiye�de rüzgar, güne� ve biyokütle enerji kaynaklar�na dayal� hibrit enerji santralleri i�in potansiyel alanlar�n belirlenmesinde bir y�ntem �nermektir. Bu kapsamda bilimsel bilgiye bak��taki de�i�imle birlikte, �oklu karar vermeye y�nelen kent planlama geli�imi a��s�ndan, uzla��y� esas alan V�KOR y�ntemi ile potansiyel alanlar�n �nceliklendirilmesi ve s�ralamas� �statistiki B�lge Birimleri S�n�fland�rmas� (�BBS) Düzey 2�ye g�re olu�turulmu�tur. Kullan�lan y�ntemde de�erlendirme kriterleri; ortalama rüzgar h�z� de�erleri (m/s), ortalama güne� ��n�m de�erleri (kWh/y�l), bitki, hayvan ve belediye at�klar�n�n enerji e� de�eri (TEP/y�l), karar alternatifleri ise 26 istatistiki b�lgeyi kapsayacak �ekilde matriks elde edilmi�tir. Ay�ca yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar�n�n mek�nsal geli�imi, co�rafi bilgi sistemleri uygulamalar�ndan olan ArcGIS yaz�l�m� ile haritaland�r�larak ortaya koyulmu�tur. �al��ma sonucunda Türkiye�de hibrit enerji santrali bak�m�ndan en fazla potansiyele sahip TR52�de yer alan Konya-Karaman b�lgesi olurken mevcut durumda güne� enerjisi, rüzgar enerjisi ve biyokütle kurulu gü� bak�m�ndan da bu b�lgenin �n s�ralarda oldu�u g�rülmektedir. �al��man�n di�er �nemli bir sonucu da mevcut kurulu gü� alanlar� ile �al��mada benimsenen V�KOR y�ntemi sonu�lar� aras�nda paralellik olmas�, y�ntemin mek�nsal planlama süre�lerinde uygulanabilir oldu�unu ortaya koymaktad�r.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Co�rafi bilgi sistemleri, �ok kriterli karar verme y�ntemleri, hibrit enerji santralleri; V�KOR y�ntemi; yenilenebilir enerji

Methodology for spatial analysis of hybrid renewable energy potential

Ahmet �ekero�lu¹, Demet Erol²
¹Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Amasya University Faculty of Architecture, Amasya, Türkiye
²Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Gazi University Faculty of Architecture, Ankara, Türkiye

The increasing growth trends in the urban population and the continuous transformation of management concepts in urban environments have led to an increasing need for integrated and interoperable systems to support and enable the intelligent management of complex systems in cities. The questions of the research; (i) What is the relationship between investment areas and potential areas for wind power plants (WPP), solar power plants (SPP) and biomass power plants (BPP) in Turkey? (ii) What are the regional priority areas for hybrid power plants based on WPP, SPP and BPP in the form?
The aim of this article is to reveal the development of Turkey within the global policies that have necessarily evolved into hybrid energy production based on wind, solar and biomass, and to test a method for determining hybrid renewable energy potential areas. The study basically includes two stages. In the first stage, to present the general view and development, the installed power data according to the provinces from the annual reports of the Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EMRA) were mapped with the ArcMap 10.5 interface of ArcGIS software, which is one of the GIS system applications.
In the second stage, VIKOR analysis, one of the MCDM methods, was performed to identify potential areas suitable for hybrid use. Accessibility of data, finding, collecting, and transforming the data set is an important step in studies carried out on indicators. Data for 81 provinces were obtained over the 2020 indicators regarding the determination of potential areas. For wind power plants, average wind speed; for solar power plant, average solar radiation times; for a biomass power plant, the amount of waste per capita and the energy equivalents of plant and animal wastes were obtained by requesting the General Directorate of Renewable Energy under the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. The data at this stage were transformed and priority areas were determined through numerical indicators.
The limitations of this research, which reveal the empirical and methodological contribution, are listed in terms of energy type and scale. While the limitation in terms of energy type is hybrid systems based on wind, solar and biomass, in terms of scale, it covers the determination of potential areas in terms of strategic spatial planning.
Within the scope of the study, the adoption of the VIKOR method includes the method to reveal the result based on consensus. In addition to providing this consensus, the method highlights the majority decision in terms of q=0.75 and q=1.00 values and reveals the minority group�s decisions in terms of q=0.25 and q=0.00 conditions. Since the main axis of the study is based on consensus, ranking according to q=0.50 conditions was taken as the basis for potential prioritisation. The results reveal TR52, TR33, TR62, TR72 and TR63 regions as first-order potential regions for hybrid power plants. The replacement of traditional central electricity grid infrastructures with hybrid energy systems will provide opportunities for the integration of renewable energy sources into such systems, as well as reduce energy losses. Such systems will facilitate and accelerate the transition to the energy cooperative system. In addition, it will positively affect the innovative development of countries by increasing the orientation to regional storage and production.
Today, the understanding of urban planning has taken �consensus� as its main axis. The V�KOR method, in which multiple decision-making is at the forefront, also emerges as a method that supports the understanding of urban planning. The VIKOR method reveals important information to grasp the potential of renewable energy sources. In the study where hybrid potential areas were determined, TR52, TR33, TR62, TR72 and TR63 regions were in the first place as potential. This information can facilitate the transition of national energy and environmental development to sustainability by helping to establish a developmental vision for sustainable energy systems based on natural resources in the Strategic Spatial Planning process. When it comes to an energy policy developed with plans, the questions for whom, how much, where, what type of resource, how it will be managed, how it will be shared and how it will be distributed remain in the void. In this context, the fact that the V�KOR method answers these questions and is based on multiple decision-making in terms of the answers reveals that it can be used in planning processes.

Keywords: Geographic information system, multi-criteria decision making methods hybrid power plant, VIKOR method; renewable energy

Ahmet �ekero�lu, Demet Erol. Methodology for spatial analysis of hybrid renewable energy potential. Megaron. 2022; 17(3): 511-525

Sorumlu Yazar: Ahmet �ekero�lu, T�rkiye

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