Individual interventions in shaping residential interfaces: A content analysis of İstanbul court records (1600–1839)

This study examines the role of resident agency in shaping the urban fabric of Ottoman Istanbul through a qualitative content analysis of 137 court cases (1600–1839). It investigates how individual interventions in residential buildings, such as additions, window modifications, and boundary adjustments, were negotiated within a hybrid legal system combining Islamic law (sharʿī), customary practice (ʿurf), and imperial edicts. By focusing on disputes over spatial interfaces, the research illuminates the dynamic processes through which physical boundaries between public and private domains were actively defined by inhabitants through daily practice and localized dispute resolution, rather than by centralized planning alone. The findings demonstrate that residents functioned as primary agents in shaping the urban environment. The transitional zones between streets and properties, and between neighbouring buildings, were largely formed through incremental, resident-led interventions, adjudicated by courts in cases of disputes using core principles such as principle of damage (lā ḍarar wa-lā ḍirār) and right of precedence (ḥaqq al-qadīm). This judicial mediation fostered a socially-embedded, negotiated spatial order, a form of organic urban co-production that operated alongside, and often independently of, formal municipal codes. The study contributes to historical urban studies by elucidating the socio-legal mechanics of everyday city-making in a pre-modern Islamic context. It offers a substantive historical case that resonates with contemporary interests in participatory models of urban development, suggesting that adaptability and resilience can emerge from systems that institutionalize localized negotiation, legal flexibility, and community-involved conflict resolution within a shared normative framework.

Keywords: Individual intervention, spatial conflicts, resident agency, principle of damage; Ottoman urbanism.