A bibliometric analysis of green and/or smart hospital buildings and a proposal for an integrated design model
Melda Özdemir1, Gökçe Tuna21Department of Interior Architecture, Istanbul Arel University Faculty of Architecture, Istanbul, Türkiye2Department of Architecture, YTÜ Faculty of Architecture, Istanbul, Türkiye
This study aims to systematically examine the transformation in hospital architecture through the approaches of “green and smart hospitals” in an era where green and smart technologies are rapidly evolving and the concept of “smart” is increasingly defined as the new “green.”
In this context, publications on green hospitals, smart hospitals, and green-smart hospitals were compiled from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. A total of 1,178 publications covering the period from August 2024 to February 2025 were analyzed using bibliometric methods. Co-occurrence network analysis, keyword trend analysis, and thematic clustering were conducted through the VOSviewer and Bibliometrix software. The analysis results reveal that, despite the shared sustainability goals and common design criteria of these two approaches, they are generally handled separately in the literature, and integrated design strategies remain limited. To address this gap, a model consisting of four stages-data collection, analysis, synthesis, and design guidance was developed. The model was structured based on the intersection of sustainability and technological criteria.
In this respect, the study goes beyond bibliometric analysis of existing research by proposing an integrated design model grounded in the gap identified through the analysis. It aims to contribute to future interdisciplinary architectural practices and offer solutions to the current gaps in the literature.
Manuscript Language: English
