Istanbul�s Modernization-Period Hotels (1840-1914)

Elif �elebi YAKARTEPE¹, Can B�NAN²
¹Department of Architecture, S�leyman Demirel University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Isparta, Turkey
²Department of Architecture, Restoration Department, Y�ld�z Technical University, Faculty of Architecture, Istanbul, Turkey

The modernization period in the 19th century caused important changes in systems of both travel and accommodation systems. These changes inevitably affected the architecture of hotels and other buildings offering accommodation. The first modern hotels were opened in Galata and Pera by the date of 1840. (It means first hotel opened in 1840 and then the other hotels began to open) Later hotels began to serve tje in Emin�n�, Kad�k�y, Bo�azi�i, Adalar, �i�li, Ferik�y and Ye�ilk�y regions. The opening and development of hotels has continued until the beginning of the First World War in 1914. There were hotels with suit rooms and some communal space and there were also hotels which were as luxurious and wellequipped as European hotels. First hotels were traditionally built of wood or stone, and had only two or three floors. At the end of the century, hotels were modern structures built using modern materials such as brick and steel, larger and higher than their predecessors. Beside that these hotels did not have typical facades, they were constructed with traditional, neoclassical or mixed facades. The grand luxury hotels were designed by famous European architects and craftsmen and often magnificently decorated. These grand hotels are also important because of the technical equipment and technology at the date they were built. Because of being very important point for many in the domain of science, modernization period hotels of Istanbul�s are studied by many aspects as urbanisme, architecture, preservation, tourism and sustainability. In addition, the hotels are evaluated in terms of commerce and managerment conception, socio-economic status and political importance. And then it is defined deformations and their causes of these hotels. Finally suggestions are made that would remove these deformations. It is believed the data included in this work will be helpfull for planning, arranging and conservation works in Istanbul.

Keywords: Istanbul; hotel; accomodition; conservation; architecture.

�stanbul�un Modernle�me D�nemi Otelleri (1840-1914)

Elif �elebi YAKARTEPE¹, Can B�NAN²
¹S�leyman Demirel �niversitesi, M�hendislik Mimarl�k Fak�ltesi, Mimarl�k B�l�m�, Restorasyon Anabilim Dal�, Isparta
²Y�ld�z Teknik �niversitesi, Mimarl�k Fak�ltesi, Mimarl�k B�l�m�, Restorasyon Anabilim Dal�, �stanbul

Osmanl� Devleti�nde 19. y�zy�ldaki modernle�me s�reci, seyahat ve konaklama sisteminde de �nemli de�i�ikliklere sebep olmu�tur ve bu de�i�im ka��n�lmaz olarak konaklama yap�lar�n�n bi�imlenmesini de etkilemi�tir. �stanbul�da ilk modern otel �rnekleri 1840 tarihinden itibaren Galata ve Pera�da a��lm��, daha sonra Emin�n�, Kad�k�y, Bo�azi�i, Adalar ve d�nemin yeni geli�en b�lgeleri olan �i�li, Ferik�y ve Ye�ilk�y�de hizmet vermeye ba�lam��lard�r. Otellerin a��lmas� ve geli�mesi 1914 tarihinde Birinci D�nya Sava�� ba�layana kadar devam etmi�tir. Odalar ve birka� ortak hacimden meydana gelen basit programl� otellerin yan�nda, Avrupa�daki gibi l�ks ve geni� kapsaml� oteller de vard�r. Ba�lang��ta geleneksel tarzda ah�ap ve kargir sistemde iki ya da �� katl� olarak in�a edilen otel yap�lar�, y�zy�l�n sonuna do�ru modern malzeme ve yap�m tekniklerinin kullan�m�n�n ba�lamas�yla, daha b�y�k k�tleli ve daha y�ksek katl� in�a edilmeye ba�lanm��t�r. Kendilerine �zg� bir cephe d�zeni olmayan otel yap�lar�n�n cepheleri geleneksel, neo klasik ve karma �zellikler ta��maktad�r. B�y�k ve l�ks otellerin Avrupal� mimar ve sanat��lar taraf�ndan yap�lm�� g�rkemli i� ve d�� dekorasyonlar� vard�r. Yine bu b�y�k oteller d�nemin en geli�mi� teknik donan�m ve teknolojilerini takip etmeleri a��s�ndan da �nemli bir yere sahiptirler. Bu �al��mada, �stanbul�un ilk modern otel �rnekleri kent planlamadaki yeri, mimari �zellikleri ve koruma-turizm-s�rd�r�lebilirlik y�nlerinden incelenmi�tir. Bunun yan�nda ticari ve i�letmecilik anlay��lar�, sosyo-ekonomik durumlar�, politik �nemleri a��lar�ndan da de�erlendirilmi�tir. Otel yap�lar�n�n g�n�m�zdeki koruma sorunlar�, bozulma durumlar�, bozulmalar�n nedenleri tespit edilmi� ve bu bozulmalara kar�� neriler geli�tirilmeye �al��lm��t�r. Yap�lan tespit ve �neri geli�tirme �al��malar�n�n, �stanbul�da yap�lacak planlama, d�zenleme ve koruma �al��malar�nda faydal� olaca�� d��n�lmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: �stanbul; otel; konaklama; koruma; mimari.

Elif �elebi YAKARTEPE, Can B�NAN. Istanbul�s Modernization-Period Hotels (1840-1914). Megaron. 2011; 6(2): 79-94

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