Social Mixed Policy in the Transformation of Low-Income Housing Areas: The Case of Fikirtepe

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Social Mixed Policy in the Transformation of Low-Income Housing Areas: The Case of Fikirtepe [Megaron]

Megaron. 2019; 14(�zel Say�): 192-202 | DOI: 10.14744/megaron.2019.85047

Social Mixed Policy in the Transformation of Low-Income Housing Areas: The Case of Fikirtepe

Ba�ak B�lb�l Ak�n¹, Asuman T�rk�n²
¹Department of Urbanization And Environmental Problems, Marmara University Faculty of Political Science, �stanbul, Turkey
²Department of Urban And Regional Planning, Yildiz Technical University Faculty of Architecture, �stanbul, Turkey

In the post-1990 period when globalization and neoliberal policies dominated, new urban and social policies were developed to combat increased poverty, the strategies for the transformation of cities and interventions for low-income housing areas have changed, different approaches to low-incomes in housing policies have come up for the solution of social problems. Among these approaches, the �social mix policy� which is effective in many European and US cities has an important place. According to this approach; poverty is concentrated in low-income housing areas associated with low-income, unemployment and crime, thereby the socio-spatial segregations are deepening. Therefore, it was aimed to prevent these problems by restructuring and reconstructing the social housing which is the habitat of the low-incomes, arranging these areas to live together with the low and middle-income people. In Turkey, this perspective of urban transformation approach and rhetoric became prominent in the 2000s. The phenomenon of urban transformation that constitutes Turkey�s most important agenda after 1999 Marmara Earthquake is dealt with the approach of integrating habitats of different socio-economic groups within the framework of social policy mix in the upper-scale plans, ensuring social cohesion and is similar to the developments in the world in terms of results. In this study, the context, objectives, implementation and results of social mix policy will be analyzed, establishing a relationship with the urban transformation in Turkey, Fikirtepe Urban Transformation Project Area identified as a case study will be discussed in private. Within this policy supported by discourses in the study area such as risk of disaster, unhealthy living conditions and security, the extent to which the transformation strategy for different income groups living together in the transformation implementation, the needs and demands of all income groups are taken into consideration and whether the project can produce solutions to socio-economic problems will be examined.

Keywords: Low-income housing areas, Fikirtepe; urban transformation; social mixed policy.

Dar Gelirli Konut Alanlar�n�n D�n��m�nde Sosyal Karma Politikas�: Fikirtepe �rne�i

Ba�ak B�lb�l Ak�n¹, Asuman T�rk�n²
¹Marmara �niversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fak�ltesi, Kentle�me ve �evre Sorunlar� Anabilim Dal�, �stanbul
²Y�ld�z Teknik �niversitesi Mimarl�k Fak�ltesi, �ehircilik Anabilim Dal�, �stanbul

K�reselle�me ve neoliberal politikalar�n hakim oldu�u 1990 sonras� d�nemde, artan yoksullukla m�cadele etmek �zere yeni kentsel ve sosyal politikalar geli�tirilmi�, kentlerin d�n��m�ne ili�kin stratejiler ve dar gelirli konut alanlar�na y�nelik m�dahale bi�imleri de�i�ime u�ram�� ve sosyal problemlerin ��z�m� i�in konut politikalar�nda dar gelirlilere y�nelik farkl� yakla��mlar g�ndeme gelmi�tir. Bu yakla��mlar aras�nda bir�ok Avrupa ve ABD kentinde etkili olan �sosyal karma politikas�� nemli bir yer tutmaktad�r. Bu yakla��ma g�re; d��k gelir, i�sizlik ve su�la ili�kilendirilen dar gelirli konut alanlar�nda yoksulluk yo�unla�makta ve b�ylece sosyo-mekansal ayr��malar derinle�mektedir. Bu nedenle dar gelirlilerin ya�am alanlar� olan sosyal konutlar�n y�k�larak yeniden yap�la�mas� ve bu alanlar�n dar ve orta gelirlilerin birlikte ya�ayaca�� ekilde d�zenlenmesiyle, s�z konusu sorunlar�n �n�ne ge�ilmesi ama�lanm��t�r. T�rkiye�de de 2000�li y�llarda kentsel d�n��m yakla��m� ve s�ylemleri i�inde bu bak�� a��s� �ne ��km��t�r. 1999 Marmara Depremi�nden sonra T�rkiye�nin en �nemli g�ndemini olu�turan kentsel d�n��m olgusu, �st �l�ek planlarda sosyal karma politikas� anlay�� er�evesinde farkl� sosyo-ekonomik gruplar�n ya�am alanlar�n�n kayna�t�r�lmas� ve sosyal b�t�nle�menin sa�lanmas� yakla��m�yla ele al�nmakta ve sonu�lar� bak�m�ndan da d�nyadaki geli�melere benzerlik g�stermektedir. Bu �al��mada, sosyal karma politikas�n�n kapsam�, hedefleri, uygulama ve sonu�lar� incelenecek, T�rkiye�deki kentsel d�n��m yakla��m�yla ili�kisi kurularak, �al��ma alan� olarak belirlenen Fikirtepe Kentsel D�n��m Proje Alan� �zelinde tart��lacakt�r. �rnek alanda afet riski, sa�l�ks�z ya�am ko�ullar�, g�venlik gibi s�ylemlerle desteklenen bu politika kapsam�nda, d�n��m uygulamas�nda farkl� gelir gruplar�n�n birlikte ya�amas�na y�nelik d�n��m stratejisinin ne derece ger�ekle�ti�i, t�m gelir gruplar�n�n ihtiya� ve taleplerinin g�z �n�ne al�n�p al�nmad�� ve projenin sosyo-ekonomik sorunlara ��z�m �retip �retemedi�i sorgulanacakt�r.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Dar gelirli konut alanlar�, Fikirtepe; kentsel d�n��m; Sosyal karma politikas�.

Ba�ak B�lb�l Ak�n, Asuman T�rk�n. Social Mixed Policy in the Transformation of Low-Income Housing Areas: The Case of Fikirtepe. Megaron. 2019; 14(�zel Say�): 192-202

Corresponding Author: Ba�ak B�lb�l Ak�n, T�rkiye

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