Thinking over a participatory model for planning and conservation of cultural heritage in “the port city of Izmir” in the perspective of Historical Urban Landscape (HUL) approach
Funda Çatalbaş1, Sibel Ecemis Kılıç21Department of City an Regional Planning, Dokuz Eylül University, The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, İzmir, Türkiye2Department of City and Regional Planning, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Architecture, İzmir, Türkiye
The study is to seek answer “what are the difficulties encountered in the conservation/planning of heritage sites in İzmir in the light of changing socio-economic conditions?” and “to what extent can UNESCO’s historic urban landscape proposal help improve the conservation and management of these areas?” questions. An integrated, holistic and value-based conservation approach makes a participatory process in which urban actors agree on common goals and act together important. In this context, the basic concepts and evaluation parameters proposed by the HUL approach are defined by the texts of the declaration and the relevant literature. Landscape, cultural layers, multiple identities, urban culture, continuity and change, sustainability, stakeholders and multidisciplinary are the prominent concepts.
The participatory model, which has an important place in the implementation of the HUL approach, is discussed with the views of the actors through the example of İzmir-Kemeraltı. It is aimed to reveal the problems and develop suggestions for the implementation of the HUL approach for the Kemeraltı region with the actor’s views evaluated over the concepts. It is observed that there are projects at different scales, from the strategic level to the building level, for the protection, maintenance and promotion of tangible and intangible heritage values. In this context, urban stakeholders who actively organise plans, projects and activities for the purposes of protecting, improving and promoting the region in Kemeraltı have been identified. Within the scope of the study, the subject was handled within the framework of what kind of approach should be developed especially in the field of urban planning, and it was aimed to discuss with the senior officials in the planning units of the Institutions that play an active role in the planning / area management / project studies in the region. In this context, although most city planners, actors from different professional groups, especially in non-governmental organisations, were included in face-to-face interviews. In depth interviews were conducted with these actors in the period of August–September 2020, adhering to the semi-structured interview form consisting of open-ended questions, and the data obtained were evaluated with the descriptive content analysis method. The study shows that Izmir Historical Port City is a unique cultural heritage with a superior universal value with its traditional port and trade centre, rich cultural values and cosmopolitan structure. It is thought that the HUL approach will be a guide in the preservation, planning and management of the historical cultural landscape in the Historic Port City of Izmir.
In the example of Izmir, the participants expressed the deficiencies in coordination and cooperation in upper-scale plans and in the relationship between spatial planning and area management. It has been observed that there is no common strategic plan agreed on for the protection of cultural heritage. In addition, despite the existing institutional structure and numerous studies, the lack of an up-to-date, easily accessible, holistic database on tangible and intangible heritage and the disconnection between spatial studies and the social and economic dimensions of conservation are other problems. The lack of legal and institutional structure for a plan that will determine the basic strategies, especially at the provincial or regional scale, conflicts of authority between the centre and the local, and the inadequacy of the tools for implementation and incentives have been put forward as problems.
It is seen that a holistic, integrated and value-based participatory approach model should be implemented in the region in line with the HUL approach. It is understood that the application of multidisciplinary and participatory planning approaches in the historical port city of Izmir will play an important role in ensuring holistic protection and sustainable development. Protected areas of the city should be considered in plans, not as isolated areas, but as a tool to unite the historical and modern city and improve urban development. Conserving the tangible and intangible heritage and maintaining the common identity of the society should be among the priorities of urban and regional planning. It is also important in terms of cultural tourism to protect the landscape and cultural values that constitute the construction of cultural diversity. In this context, there is a need to evaluate the conservation and tourism policies at the regional level to integrate the city with the surrounding settlements. In this context, based on the HUL approach, a model has been put forward that defines the stakeholders regarding information and planning, community participation, regulation and financing tools in the Historic Port City of Izmir.
Tarihi Kentsel Peyzaj [Historic Urban Landscape (HUL)] yaklaşımı perspektifinde İ̇zmir tarihi liman kentinde planlama ve kültürel mirasın korunmasına yönelik katılımcı bir model
Funda Çatalbaş1, Sibel Ecemis Kılıç21Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Şehir Planlama Bölümü, İzmir, Türkiye2Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mimarlık Fakültesi, Şehir Planlama Bölümü, İzmir, Türkiye
Çalışma, kentsel dinamikler içerisinde İzmir'de miras alanlarının korunması ve planlamasında karşılaşılan zorlukların neler olduğuna, UNESCO'nun tarihi kentsel peyzaj önerisinin bu alanların korunması ve yönetiminin iyileştirilmesine ne ölçüde etki edeceği sorularına yanıt aramaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı; Dünya Miras Alanı adayı olan Kemeraltı bölgesinin kentsel aktörlerinin ortak amaçlarla hareket edebildiği bir katılım süreci doğrultusunda bütünlüklü olarak değerlendirilebilme imkânı sunan “Historic Urban Landscape (HUL)” yaklaşımıyla ele alınmasıdır. Kemeraltı bölgesinde plan, proje vb. düzenleyen kentsel paydaşların tespit edilebilmesi amacıyla çalışmalar incelenerek, İzmir İli kültürel mirasın korunması açısından bilgi sahibi olan kurumların üst düzey yetkilileriyle derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın kapsamını, HUL yaklaşımının önerdiği kavram ve değerlendirme parametreleri, İzmir tarihi liman kenti ile kentsel aktörlerin görüşleri oluşturmaktadır. Planlama biliminde kültürel mirasın korunması, bütüncül planlama ve yönetim konuları arasındaki ilişkinin HUL yaklaşımı perspektifinden ve kültürel mirasa ilişkin konuların İzmir Tarihi Liman Kenti alan örneği üzerinden ele alınması açısından çalışma farklılaşmaktadır. İzmir Tarihi Liman Kenti, geleneksel liman ve ticaret merkezi, zengin kültürel değerleri ve kozmopolit yapısıyla üstün evrensel değere sahip özgün bir mirastır. Ginzarly, Houbart ve Teller (2018) HUL yaklaşımını bütüncül (holistic), bütünleşik (integrated) ve değer odaklı (value based) olmak üzere üç temel bileşen ile açıklamıştır. Bu çalışmada derinlemesine görüşme yapılan aktörlerin görüşleri bu bileşenlerle ilişkilendirilerek değerlendirilmiştir. Böylece İzmir tarihi liman kentinde HUL yaklaşımı parametreleri çerçevesinde üç eksenli bir koruma, planlama ve yönetim yaklaşımına işaret edilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: İzmir tarihi liman kenti, katılım; kültürel miras; şehir planlama; Tarihi Kentsel Peyzaj (HUL)Manuscript Language: Turkish
