Research-based Application and Research Centre (UYG-AR) in Architectural Research Environment of Turkey

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Research-based Application and Research Centre (UYG-AR) in Architectural Research Environment of Turkey [Megaron]

Megaron. 2022; 17(1): 35-50 | DOI: 10.14744/megaron.2021.59751

Research-based Application and Research Centre (UYG-AR) in Architectural Research Environment of Turkey

Zeynep D�NDAR, G�k�e�i�ek SAVA�IR
Department of Architecture, Dokuz Eyl�l University Faculty of Architecture, �zmir, Turkey

The knowledge-based society, developing through the knowledge economy since the 1960s, has changed the definition, production and share of knowledge, and triggered the transformation of societies in many ways. In knowledge-based societies, the transformation of universities and government policies through the prioritization of new modes of knowledge production and research have prompted to highlight knowledge-production processes and research methods in architecture as in all other disciplines. While architectural theory and practice diverge from each other; the diverged architectural research from the field of practice confines itself within the boundaries of the academic field. Therefore, the discipline of architecture has difficulties in developing its autonomous system of knowledge production and research methods.
Within this framework, this study argues that the elusive relationship between architecture and research firmly relies on the concepts of �research on architecture (RoA)�, �research for architecture (RfA)� and �research through architecture (RtA)�. Besides, adopting 'research for architecture (RfA)' approach, institutions open to both public and private sectors have a great opportunities for integrating architectural research projects developing within the circles of practice and academia. According to these arguments, this study investigates the following questions: What is the role of research in-between architectural theory and practice? In which ways the architects-in-practice can involve in architectural research? How can the application and research centres in universities (UYG-AR) provide proper conditions for realizing the productions in-between architectural theory and practice, and for involving the architects-in-practice in a research process? In line with these research questions, this article constructs a conceptual framework within the existing debates on the new definitions of knowledge within the information society, and three approaches in architectural research. It focuses on the �centres for research and application (CfRA)�, with their institutional, professional, and scientific structure, established specifically for architecture among the multi-actor research network in Turkey. This study aims to discuss more particularly on the centres adopting �research for architecture (RfA)� approach, which could possibly light the way for developing the interrelation between architectural theory and practice in Turkey.
Within the scope of this study, seventeen centres for research and application (CfRA), established in Turkey by the Higher Education Law dated 4/11/1981 and numbered 2547, are investigated and discussed within the domain of interpretive research. Instead of proposing a new structure for institutional research, this study brings forth these centres regarding their core idea of university-industry cooperation as convenient platforms for architectural research, where the researchers at undergraduate and graduate levels in universities work together easily on various subjects. In this study, 17 centres for research and application in Turkey are selected among 3872 from the 2020 list of Higher Education Information Management System (Y�ksek��retim Bilgi Y�netim Sistemi). Throughout this evaluation process, the centres having the keywords of 'architecture', 'design', 'environment', 'house, 'city', and 'building' are firstly classified. Then, they are re-evaluated according to the correlation established between their actual emphasis on architectural culture, architectural design and built environment, and their aims and fields defined within the regulations published in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Turkey (T.C Resm� Gazete). In line with the tactics of research methodology in this study, the public documents such as development plans, laws, regulations, reports, as well as the official websites of the centres are collected as determinative evidence. They are analytically read with the help of tables and diagrams in terms of their purposes, fields of activity, research methods, and modes of cooperation with different actors. After this contextualization and evaluation by reasoned interpretation, the evidence is discussed. The discussion reveals that the centres (CfRAs) cover some activities that prioritize �research into architecture (RiA)�, as they have been established for cooperating between industry and academia rather than establishing relationships between architectural practitioners, the building sector and academia. The centres (CfRAs) with institutional, professional and scientific structures have the potential to offer a unifying and balancing position between the three categories of architectural research. They have both advantages and disadvantages in providing to architectural research. To overcome the possible disadvantages, this study offers three suggestions: The first is to find solutions to the problems resulting from the organizational and institutional structure of the CfRAs. The second is to empower all actors of architecture to adopt �research through architecture� approach. The third is to provide the provision of specialized research policies on architectural research in Turkey.

Keywords: Knowledge society, design through architecture, design research, research and design (R&D) policies of Turkey, application, and research centre

T�rkiye mimarl�k ara�t�rmalar� ortam�nda ara�t�rma temelli uygulama ve ara�t�rma merkezleri

Zeynep D�NDAR, G�k�e�i�ek SAVA�IR
Dokuz Eyl�l �niversitesi Mimarl�k Fak�ltesi, Bina Bilgisi Anabilim Dal�, �zmir, T�rkiye

1960�l� y�llardan itibaren bilgi ekonomisine dayal� olarak geli�en bilgi toplumu, toplumun t�m bile�enleri i�in d�n��m� tetiklerken bilginin tan�m�, bilginin �retilmesi ve aktar�lmas� da de�i�mi�; bu de�i�imin merkezinde konumlanan �niversiteler ba�ta olmak �zere kurumlar ile devletlerin bilgiyi esas alan politikalar� da d�n��me u�ram��t�r. Bu d�n��mde, disiplinler bilgiyi �retme s�re�lerinde, devletler ise politikalar�nda ara�t�rmay� oda�a alan bir anlay�� benimsemi�tir. Bilgi toplumu, bilginin yeni �retim s�re�leri, �niversitelerin d�n��m�, ara�t�rmay� �n plana alan devlet politikalar�, b�t�n disiplinlerde oldu�u gibi mimarl�k disiplininde de bilgi �retim s�re�lerini ve ara�t�rma y�ntemlerini bu geli�meler ��nda d��nmeye te�vik etmi�tir. Bu ba�lamda, mimarl�k ile ara�t�rma aras�nda tariflenmesi zor ili�kiyi tart��mak i�in �mimarl�k hakk�nda ara�t�rma (MHA)�, �mimarl�k i�in ara�t�rma (M�A)� ve �mimarl�k yoluyla ara�t�rma (MYA)� kavramlar�, bu �al��man�n kavramsal �er�evesini olu�turmaktad�r. Mimarl�k i�in ara�t�rmay� esas alan hem kamuya hem sekt�re a��k olan kurumsal bir yap�lanman�n etkili k�l�nmas�n�n uygulama ve akademi �zelinde geli�tirilen mimari ara�t�rmalar� b�t�nle�tirecek �nemli bir f�rsat oldu�u sav�ndan hareketle, bu makale mimarl�k kuram� ve uygulama ili�kisine dair s�regelen anlay��lara g�ncel bir bak�� a��s� geli�tirmek amac�yla, bilgi toplumunun bir sonucu olarak y�kselen �ara�t�rma� kavram�n� ve edimini mimarl�k disiplini �zelinde tart��maktad�r. �al��ma, T�rkiye�deki �ok akt�rl� ara�t�rma a��n�n i�inde kurumsal, mesleki ve bilimsel bir yap�lanmaya sahip mimarl�k �zelinde kurulmu� olan uygulama ve ara�t�rma merkezlerini irdeleyerek kavramsal �er�eve ba�lam�nda �neriler geli�tirmeyi hedeflemektedir. ��al��ma kapsam�nda, 2547 say�l� Y�ksek��retim Kanunu� ile kurulan �uygulama ve ara�t�rma merkezi (UYG-AR)� olarak tan�mlanan merkezler aras�ndan �mimarl�k i�in ara�t�rma (M�A)� yakla��m�n� benimsemi� olan 17 merkez ama�lar�, faaliyet alanlar�, ara�t�rma yapma bi�imleri, farkl� akt�rlerle olan i� birlikleri a��lar�ndan irdelenmektedir. �al��man�n y�ntemi i�in nitel ara�t�rma y�nteminin kar��la�t�rmal� ve yorumlay�c� yakla��m� benimsenmektedir. �al��ma, mimarl�k ara�t�rmalar� i�in tariflenen ��l� kategori �zerinden mimarl�k disiplinin kendine �zg� bilgi �retim bi�imlerini ve ara�t�rma y�ntemlerini, mimarl�k kuram�, uygulamas� ve ara�t�rmas� aras�ndaki ili�kiyi, tart��makta; bunun sonucunda mimarl�k ara�t�rmalar� ortam�n�n bir akt�r� olan uygulama ve ara�t�rma merkezlerine y�nelik �neriler sunmaktad�r.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Bilgi toplumu, mimarl�k yoluyla ara�t�rma, tasar�m ara�t�rmas�, T�rkiye ara�t�rma ve tasar�m politikalar�, uygulama ve ara�t�rma merkezi

Zeynep D�NDAR, G�k�e�i�ek SAVA�IR. Research-based Application and Research Centre (UYG-AR) in Architectural Research Environment of Turkey. Megaron. 2022; 17(1): 35-50

Corresponding Author: Zeynep D�NDAR, T�rkiye

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