19th Century (1839-1923) Non-Muslim Educational Buildings in �atalca Province and Their Current Conservation Conditions

In the 19th century, significant developments took place in the Ottoman State education system as a part of the modernization process. One aspect of the modernization of education can be found in non-Muslim communities, which were already modernizing education due to the various ideological influences. The number of non-Muslim schools increased rapidly and educational buildings became more visible, especially in �atalca, Edirne, and Istanbul provinces. As a result of wars, migrations, and population exchanges that occurred in the region during early 20th century, these schools generally lost their original functions as the communities using them were no longer present.
The article focuses on the development process, statistical information, and architectural features of 19th- and early 20th-century non-Muslim school buildings in �atalca Province, where non-Muslims were densely populated. The research is based on archival documents, literature review, and field studies conducted in the province. The study revealed that there were roughly 70 Greek Schools, one Armenian School, and one Bulgarian School in �atalca Province in the 19th century, and only nine of them still exist. This article aims to shed light on the historical memory of the non-Muslim educational buildings in �atalca Province, both extant and lost, with the aim under better understanding the shared heritage of the area. The conservation status and transformation process of these nine extant structures have been analyzed according to the holistic evaluation of the international charters. In conclusion, this article presents an evaluation and potential for the conservation of the extant school buildings with respect to their original architectural identities and cultural significances.

Keywords: 19th century, �atalca Province, Non-Muslim Educational Buildings, Archival Documents, Ottoman Educational Heritage

�atalca Vilayetindeki 19. Y�zy�l Gayrim�slim E�itim Yap�lar� (1839-1923) ve Mevcut Korunmu�luk Durumlar�n�n De�erlendirilmesi

Melis Bilgi� Elmas, Can Sakir Binan
Y�ld�z Teknik �niversitesi

19. y�zy�lda Osmanl� Devleti�nde Tanzimat Ferman�'n�n (1839) ilan�yla ba�layan modernle�me giri�imleri do�rultusunda e�itim alan�nda �nemli d�zenlemeler yap�lm��t�r. Bu kapsamda ideolojik fikirlerin yayg�nla�mas�yla bir de�i�im s�reci i�inde olan Gayrim�slim cemaatlerin modern okullar kurmalar�na izin verilmi�, sonraki d�nemlerde h�zla yay�lan bu kurumlar, �zelikle �atalca, Edirne ve �stanbul vilayetlerinde kentsel ve k�rsal alanlarda belirgin hale gelmeye ba�lam��t�r. 20. y�zy�l�n ba��ndan itibaren ger�ekle�en sava�lar, i�galler, zorunlu g��ler ve n�fus m�badelelerinin sonucu olarak gayrim�slim cemaat okullar� kullan�c�lar�n� ve kullan�m ama�lar�n� kaybetmi�lerdir.
�al��ma kapsam�nda 19. y�zy�lda e�itim sisteminde yap�lan d�zenlemeler do�rultusunda Gayrim�slim cemaatlerin yo�unlukta oldu�u �atalca Vilayeti s�n�rlar� i�erisinde kalan cemaat okullar�n�n geli�imlerine, yerle�imlerdeki istatistiki da��l�mlar�na ve mimari niteliklerine odaklan�lm��t�r. Makale, a��rl�kl� olarak Osmanl� ar�iv belgeleri, literat�r taramas� ve saha �al��malar�n�n kar��la�t�r�lmas� y�ntemine dayanmaktad�r. Ara�t�rma kapsam�nda 19. y�zy�lda �atalca Vilayeti s�n�rlar� i�inde yakla��k 70 adet farkl� seviyelerde e�itim veren Rum Okulu, birer adet Ermeni Okulu ve Bulgar Okulu�nun varl��na ili�kin bilgiye ula��lm��t�r. Yap�lar�n b�y�k bir b�l�m� g�n�m�ze ula�amazken, varl��n� koruyanlar�n ise �zg�n mimari kimliklerinin ve b�t�nl�klerinin b�y�k oranda zarar g�rd�� tespit edilmi�tir. Bu nedenle s�z konusu ara�t�rma, hem g�n�m�ze ula�an hem de varl��n� kaybeden gayrim�slim e�itim kurumlar�na odaklanarak; b�lgenin �ok-k�lt�rl� ortak ge�mi�ine ve tarihsel haf�zas�na ��k tutmay� ama�lamaktad�r. G�n�m�ze ula�t�� tespit edilen dokuz adet yap�n�n ise T�rkiye Cumhuriyeti�nin kurulmas�ndan sonraki s�re�te ge�irdikleri d�n��m ve g�n�m�z korunmu�luk durumlar�, uluslararas� ge�erlili�e sahip belgelerin b�t�nc�l olarak de�erlendirmesiyle se�ilen anahtar kavramlar �zerinden de�erlendirilmi�tir. Bu do�rultuda sonu� b�l�m�nde g�n�m�ze ula�an okul yap�lar�n�n �zg�n mimari kimli�e ve k�lt�rel �nemine uygun olarak korunmas� konusundaki de�erlendirmeler ve potansiyeller ortaya konulmu�tur.

Anahtar Kelimeler: 19. y�zy�l, �atalca Vilayeti, Gayrim�slim E�itim Yap�lar�, Ar�iv Belgeleri, Osmanl� E�itim Miras�

Corresponding Author: Melis Bilgi� Elmas, T�rkiye

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