Effects of Architectural Design on Acoustic Parameters EDT and T30 in Halls

Speech halls can have many plan schemes and the mentioned plan differences cause further differences in the halls in terms of acoustics. Within the scope of this study, halls with rectangular, fan and diamond plan schemes have been handled and these halls have been compared acoustically. An answer was tried to be found to the question of �What is the effect of architectural design on acoustic performance?� It was aimed to examine the speech intelligibility in four different medium sized halls of three different types, being rectangular (1x1), rectangular (1x1.5), fan, and diamond, with a capacity of approximately 700 people. It was also aimed to reveal how the architectural design of the halls affect the EDT and T30 values among the acoustic parameters. The halls were designed according to the literature and were drawn in Autodesk Autocad 2012 program, necessary ray analyzes were made and modeled in three dimensions with the help of Google Sketch Up 8 program. In these modeled halls, some acoustic calculations and evaluations were made with the acoustic simulation program called Odeon 10.0 Combined. By comparing the results of these four halls with each other, it has been examined which of the halls are more acoustically efficient in which situations or which one causes what kind of acoustic defects. The halls designed according to the literature are similar to each other in volume, average height, capacity, per capita volume and areas; the halls with four different plan schemes were designed in three different types: rectangular 1x1 (hall 1a), rectangular 1x1,5 (hall 1b), fan (hall 2), and diamond (hall 3). Some material acceptances, acoustic calculations and evaluations were made in the simulation program named Odeon 10.0 Combined. As a result of these evaluations, these three different types of halls with four different plan schemes were examined and compared in terms of speech intelligibility inside the halls. From this point of view, it was concluded that which hall geometry had optimum values for which parameter and which one caused what kind of problems. For the EDT and T30 parameters, evaluations have been made for both the general of the halls and for certain receivers at a frequency of 1000 Hz. The effect of geometry on parameters; in the halls, the values of the parameters in the receivers at 1000 Hz, the average values of the parameters at 1000 Hz were interpreted with the help of receiver area grid analysis and beam-reflection graphics. As a result, which of the different plan schemes in the speech halls; among the parameters affecting speech intelligibility, it was tried to determine how the EDT and T30 affect them and which plan type is more efficient in terms of acoustics. Considering the average EDT-T30 values of the halls at 1000 Hz, T30 values are the highest in the overall receivers due to the short reflection path of Hall 1b. The lowest T30 values belong to hall 2, because the fan room is weak in terms of energy in terms of form. This situation reveals the more optimal EDT-T30 relationship for the fan hall, ie, the T30> EDT difference is less because the T30 is lower. Due to the side wall contribution of Hall 3, the T30 values of the buyers are approximately higher with hall 1a and compared to hall 2. In this context, the width, length, aspect ratio of the volume, the parallel surfaces in the volume, contribution of side walls, the angle of the side walls and the shape of the ceiling panels; It has been found that it affects early reflections, lateral reflections, delayed reflections, total sound energy and hence the EDT and T30 values. Particularly in halls with a rectangular plan, the width and length of the sitting area of the hall should not be equal to each other and / or the length of the sitting area should not exceed 25 meters, the use of parallel surfaces should be avoided or the parallelism of these surfaces should be disrupted by scattering. In addition, it should not be forgotten that concave surfaces cause focusing, the use of concave surfaces should be avoided, or they should be covered with a scattering or absorbing material. It should not be forgotten that the side wall reflections of the halls with fan plan schemes are weak especially for the receivers on the middle axis and they are mostly fed from the ceiling, and should be supported by ceiling reflections. Increased energy due to the energy contribution of the broken side walls in the diamond plan halls taken into consideration; it should be tried to be kept under control by measures to be taken with materials or other building elements. Because the excess energy in the hall means long delayed reflections and echo. Original halls were designed and the effect of architectural design on the acoustic parameters EDT and T30 was revealed with the help of the simulation program.

Keywords: Acoustic parameters, early decay time; reverberation time; room acoustic; speech rooms.

Salonlar�n Mimari Tasar�m�n�n Erken Dü�me Süresi ve ��nlama Süresi Akustik Parametrelerine Etkisi

Nuriye Nida �elebi �eker
Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar �niversitesi Mimarl�k Fakültesi, �� Mimarl�k B�lümü, �stanbul

Konu�man�n �aba sarf edilmeden anla��labilmesi, konfor i�inde o konu�may� veya oyunu dinlemeye ve izlemeye yard�mc� oldu�undan, konu�ma ama�l� salonlarda konu�ma anla��labilirli�inin sa�lanmas�, temel akustik gereksinimlerden biridir. Konu�ma ama�l� salonlara �rnek olarak; tiyatrolar, konferans salonlar�, derslikler ve toplant� salonlar� verilebilir. Bu salonlar bir�ok plan �emas�na sahip olabilecek hacimlerdir. Bahsedilen plan farkl�l�klar� akustik a��dan da salonlarda de�i�ikliklere sebep olmaktad�r. Bu �al��ma kapsam�nda, ü� farkl� plan �emal� d�rt farkl� salon ele al�nm�� ve bu salonlar akustik a��dan de�erlendirilmi�tir. �ki farkl� plan �emal� dikd�rtgen, bir fan ve bir elmas salonlardan olu�an �al��mada konu�ma i�in �ncelikli olan akustik parametrelerden ikisi olan; erken dü�me süresi ve ��nlama süresi de�erleri salonlarda belirlenen kritik yerlerdeki al�c�lar i�in kar��la�t�r�lm�� ve hangi plan geometrisinin konu�may� etkileyen parametrelerden erken dü�me süresi ve ��nlama süresini ne �ekilde etkiledi�i irdelenmi�tir. Sonu� olarak, salonlar tasarlan�rken, mimari tasar�m�n akustik performans� ve konforu etkiledi�i g�z �nünde bulundurulmal�, akustik a��dan konu�ma anla��labilirli�inin sa�lanmas� i�in geometrik �artlar da optimize edilmeye �al��lmal�d�r. Hacimlerdeki geometrik farkl�l�klar akustik parametrelerde de farkl�l�klara yol a�maktad�r. Hacmin geni�li�i, uzunlu�u, en/boy oran�, hacimde paralel yüzeylerin bulunmas�, yan duvar katk�s�, yan duvarlar�n a��s� ve tavan panellerinin �ekli; erken yans�malar�, yanal yans�malar�, gecikmi� yans�malar�, toplam ses enerjisini ve dolay�s�yla da erken dü�me süresi ve ��nlama süresi gibi konu�ma i�in �nemli olan akustik parametrelerin de�erlerini etkilemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Akustik parametreler, ��nlama süresi; erken dü�me süresi; konu�ma ama�l� salonlar; hacim akusti�i.

Nuriye Nida �elebi �eker. Effects of Architectural Design on Acoustic Parameters EDT and T30 in Halls. Megaron. 2021; 16(1): 81-91

Corresponding Author: Nuriye Nida �elebi �eker, T�rkiye

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