Deconstruction application model for urban transformation projects
Ebru Doğan1, Ilkay Koman21Department of Architecture, Malatya Turgut Özal University, Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture, Malatya, Türkiye2Department of Architecture, Mimar Sinan Fine Art University, Faculty of Architecture, İstanbul, Türkiye
In the demolition activities carried out within the scope of urban transformation, buildings are removed in an uncontrolled manner without taking the dismantling and recovery possibilities into consideration. While traditional methods used in demolition cause structural waste, consumption of energy and natural resource, they also result in significant environmental and health problems. In order to prevent these problems, more environmentally friendly solutions should be produced. The concept of deconstruction, as an alternative to the demolition of buildings, is one of the solutions considered. The concept of building deconstruction helps to reduce or completely eliminate the negative effects of demolition by ensuring the demolition activities which has to be carried out in a planned and controlled manner.
The concept of building deconstruction analyses the current state of the building and its surroundings before demolition. In addition, it enables the determination of the preventive measures to be taken during the demolition phase, the tools, methods, methods and teams to be used. In order to run the demolition process in accordance with the building deconstruction process, it requires the implementation and inspection of all the determined elements on the field. Moreover, the systematic progress of the demolition process is possible with the coordinated work of
many contributors such as contractors, architects, engineers, implementation crew, etc.
In this study, an evaluation model convenient for building deconstruction was developed in order to contribute to the execution and supervision of the demolition process in accordance with the building deconstruction. It was intended that local governments and supervisory firms assess and inspect the demolition activities in urban transformation sites by deploying the model developed. Therewith, it was aimed that the companies and teams in the demolition team has to design and implement the process in accordance with the building deconstruction. The problem was defined in this study that prepared to form a building deconstruction evaluation model for the field of urban transformation; and its purpose, scope and method are explained. A literature review was effected on the basic concepts, and general information about urban transformation and deconstruction and the relationship between these concepts was put forward. Building deconstruction criteria are examined in the model.
A survey study was conducted to determine the applicability of the building deconstruction concept in urban transformation in Turkey. The survey was applied to the companies operating urban transformation activities and being members of AİDER (Association of Anatolian Side Construction Contractors). The answers to the questionnaire are evaluated using the SPSS 24.0 (Statistical Package for Social Science) program. Depending on the findings obtained;
- The general approaches of the companies related to the concept of building deconstruction were determined.
- The strengths and weaknesses of the companies were determined in the application of building deconstruction criteria.
Strengths and weaknesses within the company (based on survey results), and the external opportunities and threats (legal regulations, position of the other sectors, etc.) were analysed by SWOT analysis method for the application of building deconstruction criteria in demolition works in the field of urban transformation. In accordance with the analysis, strategies were determined for each criterion. Since the SWOT analysis is static and subjective, the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method was used to compare the criteria and strategies obtained for measuring and evaluating. Relative levels of importance were given to criteria and strategies by field experts. By deploying the AHP method, the criteria and strategies were ranked in compliance with their importance. The SuperDecision program was used for ranking.
A scoring system was used to measure the criteria and strategies based on qualitative data used in the evaluation model. Based on the scoring, the conformity degrees of the criteria and strategies for building deconstruction were obtained. In order to report back to the companies on the faulty and incomplete applications in the demolition process, the pre-demolition and post-demolition processes were scored and evaluated separately. Afterward, both processes were evaluated together and the total score of the building deconstruction and the percentage value were obtained. According to the building deconstruction percentage value obtained, the degree of conformity of the demolition works carried out within the scope of urban transformation to building deconstruction was determined. The model was applied to a building in a risky region after the Elazig earthquake, which had minor damage but was declared risky according to the earthquake regulations and demolished within the scope of urban transformation. The findings obtained, the contribution of the model to current and future studies, and the necessary conditions for the implementation of the model are explained in the conclusion and discussion section.
Kentsel dönüşüm projeleri i̇çin yapıbozum uygulama modeli
Ebru Doğan1, Ilkay Koman21Malatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi, Sanat, Tasarım ve Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü, Malatya, Türkiye2Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi Mimarlık Fakültesi, Mimarlık Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye
Kentsel dönüşüm kapsamında gerçekleşen yıkım faaliyetlerinde söküm ve geri kazanım olanakları sorgulanmadan binalar kontrolsüz bir şekilde ortadan kaldırılmaktadır. Yıkım çalışmalarında kullanılan geleneksel yöntemler; yapısal atık oluşumuna, enerji ve doğal kaynak tüketimine neden olurken aynı zamanda önemli çevre ve sağlık sorunlarına yol açmaktadır. Bahsedilen sorunların çözümüne yönelik ortaya çıkan bina yapıbozum kavramı, yıkım öncesinde bina ve çevresinin mevcut durumunu analiz ederek, yıkım aşamasında alınacak önleyici tedbirlerin, kullanılacak araçların, yöntemlerin, görev yapacak ekiplerin belirlenmesini, uygulanmasını ve denetlenmesini sağlar. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, kentsel dönüşüm kapsamında yıkım sürecinin bina yapıbozumuna uygun bir şekilde yürütülmesi ve denetlenmesi için bina yapıbozumuna uygun değerlendirme modeli geliştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, bina yapıbozum kavramının Türkiye’de kentsel dönüşüm alanında uygulanabilirliğini tespit etmek üzere bir anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara bağlı olarak firmaların genel yaklaşımları belirlenmiş ve bina yapıbozum kriterlerinin uygulanmasında firmaların güçlü ve zayıf yönleri tespit edilmiştir. Kentsel dönüşüm kapsamında yıkım çalışmalarında bina yapıbozum kriterlerinin uygulanmasında firma içi kaynaklı güçlü ve zayıf yönler ile firma dışı kaynaklı fırsat ve tehditler GZFT (güçlü, zayıf, fırsat ve tehditler) yöntemi ile analiz edilmiş ve her bir kriterin uygulanması için stratejiler belirlenmiştir. Analitik hiyerarşi prosesi yöntemi ile kriter ve stratejilerin ağırlıkları hesaplanmıştır. Ağırlıklar hesaplanırken Super Decisions programı kullanılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında puanlamaya dayalı bir değerlendirme modeli oluşturulmuştur. Değerlendirmede elde edilen sonuca göre kentsel dönüşüm kapsamında gerçekleşen yıkım çalışmalarının bina yapıbozumuna uygunluk dereceleri belirlenmiştir. Model bir bina üzerinde uygulanmış ve elde edilen bulgular, modelin uygulanması için gerekli koşullar ile çalışmanın gelecekteki araştırmalara katkısı sonuç bölümünde açıklanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Bina yapıbozumu, geri kazanım; kentsel dönüşüm; söküm; yıkımManuscript Language: Turkish
