One place two stories: The reproduction of the “authentic” in Beyoğlu
Büşra YalçınFirat University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Architectural Restoration Program, Elazığ, TurkeyAuthenticity, real or not, existing or not, constitutes an important element of strength for the urban environment. The perceived authentic identity of the place is transformed into economies of experience associated with consumer culture. Sometimes this can be in the form of transforming and protecting a historical building or neighborhood, sometimes supporting the development of cafes and shops, branding cultural identity, and sometimes presenting the place with new media channels. This problem plane, which constitutes the beginning of the study, aims to reveal the impact assessment process of an environment that is stuck between the existing place authenticity and the elements that are newly attributed to the place and that shape the authenticity in perceptions.
Authenticity was first revealed in heritage conservation studies and was included in social science studies over time. Today, the concept is introduced into a new production and consumption process within the scope of urban area activities. While the authentic is sometimes defined as the memory that needs to be preserved with deeply emotional expressions, it is sometimes associated with a vulnerable imposition for consumption. In this cycle, the existing authenticity of the place cannot be revealed, and a new perceptual authenticity production is started. This study dealt with the spatial memory of Beyoğlu and aimed to reveal the perceived and existing level of authenticity.
The method step of the study was carried out in two stages as collecting data related to the problem and analyzing the data. Data were collected by snowball sampling method and document analysis technique. In the analysis step of the data, deductive content analysis was taken as reference. Category matrices were extracted, contexts and codes were revealed. The category matrix step, through Bennett's (2018) titles of screen, literary text, culture-art and project productions; context step, through Somers' (1994) public, ontological and meta narrative titles; the code step was created by the author through the concepts explained in theory and revealing the problem of the study. Codes; Goffman's (1959) onstage/backstage self discourse, MacCannell's (1976) false pattern discourse, Trancik's (1986) lost space discourse, Auge's (1995) non-places discourse, Boym's (2001) ) nostalgia discourse has been deepened by making use of Zukin's (2010) narratives such as cultural identity branding discourse. While the process carried out through document analysis and snowball sampling enables accurate determination of what, why, why, how and where to search and a reliable evaluation, categorizing the sources and coding their contents will reveal the changes and duality seen in the "existing and perceived authenticity" perspective.
While losing the monumentality of Beyoğlu's memory spaces that go beyond being a residence, the opera and dances introduced by the west, its stories, patisseries and people, an image object is produced over the nonexistent. The universal elite growth rhetoric, based on the economic power of the capital and the state, and the cultural power of the media and consumer tastes, has also surrounded Beyoğlu. This situation is expressed by Guy Debord as contemporary capitalist modes of production produce a huge spectacle for societies.
It has been an important finding for Beyoğlu that the perceptual authenticity discourses, which symbolize the return to the past, also construct a new place memory culture and are shaped around the consumption potential. In summary, this study is important for an exploration to be made in a cultural space saturated with the spirit of self and place, to see where the cognitive dimension takes the subject in narratives and to embody what the space has lost in the social dimension with visual images. It can be said that the right solution can be found if the root experiences about Beyoğlu can be revealed.
Encountering the types of signs and narratives that will reveal these two meanings in Beyoğlu is also an expression of the fact that the work is in the right qualitative production process. Based on the analyzes of the discourses and visual data collected throughout the study, the question of whether it is possible to prevent the falseness produced by this shift and updated experience environment of Beyoğlu becomes very important. The study raises awareness by raising this question and provides this through a method trial.
Bir yer i̇ki hikâye: Beyoğlu’nda “otantik” olanın yeniden üretimi üzerine
Büşra YalçınFırat Üniversitesi Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksek Okulu, Mimari Restorasyon Programı, Elazığ, Türkiyeİlk kez miras koruma çalışmalarında ortaya atılan otantiklik kavramı zaman içinde toplum bilim çalışmalarına dâhil olmuştur. Bu-gün ise kavram, kentsel alan faaliyetleri kapsamında yeni bir üretim ve tüketim sürecine sokulmaktadır. Otantik olan, bazen derin duygu yüklü ifadelerle korunması gereken bellek olarak tanımlanırken bazen de tüketim manzarası için savunmasız bir deneyim dayatmasıyla ilişkilendirilmektedir. Bu çift yönlü döngü içinde yerin sahip olduğu var olan otantiklik ortaya çıkarılamamakta, yeni bir algısal otantiklik üretimi başlatılmaktadır. Bahsedilen otantiklik ikiliğini temele oturtan bu çalışma, Beyoğlu’nun mekânsal hafı-zasını ele almış, algılanan ve var olan otantiklik düzeyini ortaya koymayı amaçlamıştır. Tarihsel analiz yoluyla sürdürülen bu çalış-ma, kaybedilme endişesi duyulan izlerin belirginleştirilmesi noktasına da katkı sunmayı hedeflemiştir. Çalışmanın yöntem adımı, probleme ilişkin verilerin toplanması ve verilerin çözümlenmesi şeklinde iki aşamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Veri toplama basamağında, kartopu örneklem yöntemiyle genişletilen doküman inceleme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin çözümlenme basamağında ise tümdengelim içerik analizi referans alınmıştır. Bu noktada, kategori matrisleri çıkarılmış, bağlamlar ve kodlar ortaya koyulmuştur. Kategori matris düzlemi, Bennett’in (2018) ekran, yazınsal metin, kültür sanat ve proje üretimleri başlıkları aracılığıyla; bağlam düzlemi, Somers’in (1994) kamusal, ontolojik ve meta anlatı başlıkları aracılığıyla; kod düzlemi ise teoride anlatımı yapılan ve çalış-manın problemini ortaya koyan kavramlar aracılığıyla yazar tarafından oluşturulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, Beyoğlu için geçmişe doğru dönüşü sembolize eden algısal otantiklik söylemlerinin aynı zamanda yeni bir yer belleği kültürü kurguladığı ve tüketim potansiyeli çevresinde şekillendiği önemli bir bulgu olmuştur. Bu durum hafıza ve kaybedilme endişesi duyulan gerçeklik arayışında hassas bir öykünmenin olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Algılanan otantiklik, Beyoğlu; yer krizi; yok yerler; var olan otantiklik.Manuscript Language: Turkish
